20世纪前半期英国议会制度改革

发布时间：2018-06-23 12:52

本文选题：20世纪前半期 + 英国　；参考：《辽宁师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 对议会制度进行改革是英国政治制度不断发展和完善的重要内容,经过19世纪的三次议会改革,议会上议院及其主要成员世袭土地贵族受到一定削弱,选举权得到进一步扩大。但由于改革的不彻底,上议院的保守作风仍然是下议院法案通过的重要障碍,广大妇女仍然没有选举权。 20世纪前半期的英国议会改革是在多种因素共同作用下实现的。两党制下的政党斗争是议会改革的重要推动力量,不成文宪法为改革的顺利进行提供了宽松的政治环境;经济发展,社会生产水平提高,使公民参与政治的愿望增强;教育普及和教学水平的提高,培养了公民的民主意识和从事民主政治生活的能力;战争则是进行议会选举制度改革的催化剂。进入20世纪,英国议会改革的重点内容是调整议会上议院和下议院的关系,改革选举制度中的不合理现象,赋予广大妇女选举权,实现普选制,废除只有少数人享有的复票权。对英国的世袭贵族及其控制的上议院权力进行限制是英国议会斗争的主要内容之一。20世纪前半期通过的1911年议会法和1949年议会法,使上议院权力被进一步限制和削弱,其权力、地位和影响大大下降,而代表民选意志的下议院权力进一步加强,实现了民意的一个胜利。普选制的实现作为政治民主化的另外一个重要表现成为20世纪前半期英国议会改革的另外一个主要内容,经过长达一个世纪的斗争,20世纪前半期的英国在议会选举制度上也取得了巨大进步,这一时期的三部人民代表法,不但赋予广大妇女和男子同样的选举权,实现普选制,同时废除了不平等的复票制。20世纪前半期的英国议会制度改革所取得的成果推动了英国政治民主化进程的发展。
[Abstract]:The reform of the parliamentary system is an important part of the continuous development and perfection of the British political system. After three parliamentary reforms in the 19th century, the House of Lords and their main members, the hereditary land aristocrats, have been weakened to a certain extent, and the right to vote has been further expanded. However, due to the incomplete reform, the conservative style of the House of Lords remains an important obstacle to the passage of the House of Commons bill. The majority of women still do not have the right to vote. The first half of the 20th century Britain's parliamentary reform was effected by a combination of factors. The struggle of political parties under the system of two parties is an important driving force of parliamentary reform, and the unwritten constitution provides a loose political environment for the smooth implementation of the reform, the economic development, the improvement of social production, and the strengthening of citizens' desire to participate in politics; The popularization of education and the improvement of teaching level have cultivated citizens' democratic consciousness and ability to engage in democratic political life, while war is the catalyst for the reform of parliamentary election system. In the 20th century, the focus of the reform of the British Parliament is to adjust the relationship between the House of Lords and the House of Commons, to reform the unreasonable phenomenon in the electoral system, to give women the right to vote, to achieve universal suffrage, and to abolish the right of revoting which only a few people enjoy. The restriction of the hereditary aristocracy and the powers of the House of Lords under their control was one of the main contents of the British parliamentary struggle. The Parliament Act of 1911 and the Parliamentary Act of 1949, adopted in the first half of the 20th century, further restricted and weakened the powers of the House of Lords. The power of the House of Commons, which represents the will of the people, was further strengthened, a victory for public opinion. As another important manifestation of political democratization, the realization of universal suffrage became another major part of the British parliamentary reform in the first half of the 20th century. After a century-long struggle and the first half of the 20th century, Britain also made great progress in its parliamentary election system. In this period, the three people's representative laws not only gave women and men the same right to vote, but also realized universal suffrage. At the same time, the results of the reform of the British parliamentary system in the first half of the 20th century promoted the process of political democratization in Britain.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K561.4

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