日本对非洲的政府开发援助初探

发布时间：2018-06-25 04:46

本文选题：日本 + 非洲　；参考：《苏州科技学院》2009年硕士论文

【摘要】：战后由于特殊的国内、国际环境,日本只能以经济外交的手段开展对外活动。政府开发援助是日本对外政治、经济关系的重要组成部分,同时也是日本扩大自身国际影响,实现其政治大国这一战略目标的工具。1954年,日本加入“科伦坡计划”后,开始以援助国的身份正式提供政府援助。1989年,日本超过美国成为世界第一援助大国。从60年代初至冷战结束后的今天,日本对非洲的政府开发援助已经走过了40多年的历程。日本对非洲的政府开发援助始终服务于国家发展战略,实际上是日本对非外交政策的一个重要组成部分。从援助途径看,日本对非洲的政府开发援助包括“双边援助”和“多边援助”两种。近年来,在日本的对外双边援助中,非洲国家所占的比重大幅度上升。2006年,非洲超过日本的传统双边受援地区亚洲,位居首位,非洲在日本对外援助政策中的地位明显加强。截止到2007年,日本已向50个非洲国家和地区中的48个国家提供了政府开发援助。根据日本和非洲战后经济、政治的发展变化,日本对非洲的援助实践大致分为两大阶段:第二次世界大战后至1990年代和1990年代至今。其中这两大阶段又包括五个小的时期。不同的历史时期,由于日本国家战略的侧重点不同,日本对非洲经济援助的目的有所不同,对非洲的政府开发援助政策也随之调整,日非关系也受到一定程度的影响。具体来说,日本对非洲的政府开发援助的目的,在二十世纪六七十年代是经济主义至上,七八十年代是经济与政治利益并重,九十年代后突出政治战略作用,二十一世纪服务于日本大国的外交。在战后对非洲国家实施政府开发援助过程中,日本对非援助的重要特点是无偿援助。日本对非洲政府开发援助的重点领域,在1990年代以前是经济援助为重;1990年代后至2000年代初是包括经济、政治、安全诸领域在内的综合援助;2008年第四届非洲发展国际会议通过的《横滨行动计划》,将援助重点定在基础设施、贸易投资和旅游、农业农村开发、基础教育和医疗、地区和平以及应对环境与气候变化等领域。日本对非洲ODA实施以及日本非洲外交关系的发展、演变,受到不同的国际政治经济环境以及双方自身变化因素的制约。日本对非洲ODA实施对双方关系产生了经济、政治、文化等多方面的影响。
[Abstract]:After the war, due to the special domestic and international environment, Japan can only carry out foreign activities by means of economic diplomacy. Government development assistance is an important part of Japan's foreign political and economic relations, and also a tool for Japan to expand its own international influence and realize its strategic goal of being a political power. In 1954, after Japan joined the Colombo Plan, In 1989, Japan overtook the United States to become the world's largest donor. From the early 1960s to the end of the Cold War, Japan's government development assistance to Africa has gone through more than 40 years. Japan's government development assistance to Africa has always served the national development strategy, which is in fact an important part of Japan's foreign policy towards Africa. In terms of aid, Japan's government development aid to Africa includes bilateral aid and multilateral aid. In recent years, the proportion of African countries in Japan's foreign bilateral aid has increased dramatically. In 2006, Africa surpassed Japan's traditional bilateral aid region, Asia, ranking first, and Africa's position in Japan's foreign aid policy has been strengthened significantly. By 2007, Japan had provided government development assistance to 48 of 50 African countries. According to the economic and political development of Japan and Africa after the war, Japan's aid to Africa can be divided into two stages: from the second World War to the 1990s and from the 1990s to the present. These two major stages also include five small periods. In different historical periods, because of the different emphasis of Japan's national strategy, the purpose of Japan's economic aid to Africa is different, the government development aid policy to Africa is adjusted, and the Japan-Africa relationship is also affected to a certain extent. Specifically, the purpose of Japan's government development assistance to Africa was the supremacy of economicism in the 1960s and 1970s, the equal emphasis on economic and political interests in the 1970s and 1980s, and the emphasis on political strategy after the 1990s. Diplomatic service to Japan in the 21 th century. In the process of governmental development aid to African countries after the war, the important characteristic of Japanese aid to Africa is free aid. The priority areas of Japan's development assistance to African governments were economic assistance before the 1990s and economic and political assistance from the 1990s to the early 2000s. Integrated assistance in the areas of security; Yokohama Plan of Action, adopted by the fourth International Conference on African Development in 2008, focusing assistance on infrastructure, trade investment and tourism, agricultural and rural development, basic education and health care, Regional peace and environmental and climate change response. The implementation of Japan's ODA to Africa and the development and evolution of Japan's diplomatic relations in Africa are restricted by different international political and economic environments and their own changing factors. Japan's ODA to Africa has had an economic, political and cultural impact on bilateral relations.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K313.5

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