“大觉醒”运动和北美殖民地学院发展研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 08:31

本文选题：“大觉醒”运动 + 北美殖民地　；参考：《沈阳师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：18世纪中叶,殖民地期间的美国出现了“学院热”浪潮,一批风格迥异的学院拔地而起,为美国高等教育的发展带来阵阵清风。这背后的动因,正是在于当时所发生的一场历史著名的“大觉醒”运动。 “大觉醒”运动是殖民地时期后6所学院诞生的催化剂。本文重点在详细描述了后6所殖民地学院的创立过程,目的是在全面还原历史原貌的同时,使读者更加准确的理解“大觉醒”运动在各个学院建立过程中所起到的举足轻重的作用。“大觉醒”运动不仅促进了它之后半个世纪殖民地学院大发展,并且,它的思想精髓直接或间接的灌输到学院深入发展的各个方面。在“大觉醒”运动后成立的六所学院分别是,1746年宣布成立的北美第四所高等学院即新泽西学院,这所学院是由新教“新边”长老会建立的。五年之后,位于宾夕法尼亚州的费城学院成立。宾夕法尼亚殖民地是主张宗教宽容的威廉·佩恩建立的,因此费城学院也是殖民地九所学院中唯一没有教派倾向的学院。由于威廉-玛丽学院地处南方,北方学子求学困难,1754年英王乔治二世颁发特许状,在纽约成立国王学院。其他三所学院是1764年成立的罗得岛学院、1766年成立的王后学院和1770年成立的达特茅斯学院。这三所学院都由不同的宗教派别建立,但是在教育目标方面已经不是单纯的宗教教育了。 “大觉醒”运动自由、包容的思想精髓深入人心,同时把欧洲自然科学之风带进殖民地学院,北美殖民地理性主义思潮高涨,打破了传统学院沉闷而又浓厚的宗教气氛。殖民地学院的成立以及其后来的发展为美国高等教育的大发展奠定了基础,为美国高等教育探索迈开了艰辛而意义重大的一步。殖民地学院在“大觉醒”运动精神的作用下,在殖民地学院的学术自由、制度多样性、课程设置和爱国意识等方面产生了深远影响。通过对历史的理性分析,可以总结出“大觉醒”运动与学院大发展之间是存在必然联系的,“大觉醒”运动对后六所学院乃至以后的美国高等教育都产生了积极影响,社会的思想变革是教育事业发展的推动力。
[Abstract]:In the middle of the 18th century, there was a wave of "academic fever" in the colonial period in the United States, and a number of colleges of different styles sprang up, which brought about a gust of breeze for the development of American higher education. The motive behind this lies in the historic Awakening movement that took place at that time. The Great Awakening Movement was the catalyst for the birth of six colleges after the colonial period. This paper focuses on the establishment of the last six colonial colleges in detail, with the aim of fully restoring the original history. So that readers understand more accurately the "Great Awakening" movement in the establishment of each school played a pivotal role. The "Great Awakening" Movement not only promoted the great development of colonial colleges in the following half century, but also inculcated directly or indirectly into all aspects of the further development of the College. The six colleges established after the Great Awakening were the fourth higher school in North America, the New Jersey College, announced in 1746, which was founded by the Protestant New Frontier Presbyterian Church. Five years later, Philadelphia College in Pennsylvania was founded. The Pennsylvania colony was founded by William Penn, a religious tolerant man, and Philadelphia College was the only one of the nine colleges in the colony that had no sectarian tendencies. Because William Mary College is located in the south and the students from the North are difficult to study, King George II issued a charter in 1754 to establish King's College in New York. The other three were Rhode Island College in 1764, Queen College in 1766 and Dartmouth College in 1770. All three colleges are built by different religious denominations, but they are no longer purely religious in terms of educational goals. The movement of "the Great Awakening" was free and tolerant, and at the same time brought the European natural science wind into the Colonial College. The upsurge of rationalism in the North American colonies broke the dreary and strong religious atmosphere of the traditional colleges. The establishment of the Colonial College and its subsequent development laid the foundation for the great development of American higher education, and opened a difficult and significant step for the exploration of American higher education. Under the influence of the spirit of the Great Awakening Movement, the Colonial College had a profound influence on the academic freedom, the diversity of the system, the curriculum arrangement and the patriotic consciousness of the Colonial College. Through the rational analysis of history, it can be concluded that there is an inevitable connection between the "Great Awakening" movement and the great development of colleges, and that the "Great Awakening" movement has had a positive impact on the later six colleges and even the American higher education in the future. Social ideological change is the driving force of the development of education.
【学位授予单位】：沈阳师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G649.712;K712

【引证文献】