1272-1377年：意大利商人在英国经济活动的研究

发布时间：2018-06-26 10:03

本文选题：英国 + 政府　；参考：《山东大学》2013年博士论文

【摘要】：爱德华—世至三世执政时期(1272-1377)是英国社会封建经济转型时期,此时英国的工商各业,在外来资金的注入下充满活力。英国的外国商人中,意大利商人与英国国王们的瓜葛最深,他们以“教皇收税人”的身份带着大量的资金来到了英国,投资于羊毛出口的相关贸易和王室贷款活动中。外国商人的资本流入,在一定程度上刺激了英国经济的发展,为英国社会最终成功转型奠定了基础,并起到了重要的促进作用。在这些转变过程中,意大利商人在英国投资,在多大程度上发挥作用,以及发挥作用的情况如何,是本文要考察的问题。中世纪早期的英国以农业经济为基础,经济落后的地位,商人保守并弱小,王室财政困难,在这样的背景下英国政府采取优渥意商的政策,促使意大利商人在英国的工商业拥有经营特权及垄断经济地位。英国的意大利商业组织具有组织形式多样,实力雄厚和商业经营技术高超的特点。意大利商人为英王提供巨额的贷款,使其能顺利进行行政生活,进而得到英国贸易的出口特权。意大利商人在英国商业活动逐步走向衰落是由于英王的信誉意识缺失、偿还能力薄弱、英国本土商人与其激烈的竞争和意大利商业组织内部的竞争及外部的政治压力。中世纪英国的羊毛质优价廉畅销世界。佛罗伦萨、卢卡和热那亚等意大利商人投资的首选,当然是羊毛以及羊毛相关产业的贸易。英国的意大利商人,其投资形式主要是商业和金融货币方面。意大利商人投资的商业领域包括,羊毛、呢绒制品的出口贸易和毛纺织原料的进口贸易；货币金融领域则主要表现在英国,英王身上倾注了大规模的投资,投资收益丰厚。意大利商人在英国的投资,对其经济政治的发展具有积极的意义和深刻的影响。第一是13世纪末期至14世纪末期,英国的本土商人与意大利商人长期经济特权进行抗争,并在竞争中不断壮大了自身力量、财力,提高了海内外商业竞争力。第二是在意大利商人经济特权的间接作用下,促进了商人与政府合作,并由政府出台保护英国贸易的相关政策。第三是在爱德华一世至爱德华三世统治时期,意大利商人资本注入为英国的羊毛产品打开的前所未有的市场,对英国经济的发展起到积极的促进作用。
[Abstract]:The period of Edward - world to the third ruling (1272-1377) was the period of the transformation of the feudal economy in the British society. At this time, Britain's industry and commerce were full of vitality in the injection of foreign capital. Among the foreign businessmen of Britain, the businessmen of Italy and the British kings were most deeply involved, and they came with a lot of money as "the Pope tax collector". In Britain, in the related trade and royal loan activities of the export of wool, the inflow of foreign businessmen, to some extent, stimulated the development of the British economy, laid the foundation for the successful transformation of the British society, and played an important role in promoting the investment of Italy businessmen in Britain in the course of these changes. How to play a role and how to play a role is the question that this article will examine.
In the early Middle Ages, Britain was based on the agricultural economy, the economy was backward, the merchant was conservative and weak, and the royal family was financially difficult. Under this background, the British government adopted the policy of good business, which prompted the businessmen of Italy to have the privileges and the monopoly of economic status in the British industry and commerce.
The Italy commercial organization in Britain has a variety of organizational forms, strong strength and high business technology. Italy merchants provide a huge loan for the king of England, so that they can carry out the administrative life smoothly and get the export privileges of the British trade. The business activities of Italy merchants are gradually declining because of the British King's letter. The lack of reputation consciousness, the weak ability to repay, the fierce competition of British businessmen and the internal competition and external political pressure of Italy commercial organizations.
The woolen quality of medieval England was a good and cheap selling world. Florence, Luca and Genoa and other Italy merchants preferred the investment, of course, wool and wool related industries. The British businessmen of Italy, whose investment forms were mainly commercial and financial currencies. The commercial areas of Italy merchants included wool, woolen and woolen products. The export trade of products and the import trade of wool textile raw materials; money and finance are mainly shown in the UK, and the British king has poured a large amount of investment on the British king, and the profit of investment is rich.
The investment of Italy merchants in Britain has a positive significance and profound influence on its economic and political development. First, from the end of thirteenth Century to the end of fourteenth Century, the local businessmen of Britain fought against the long-term economic privileges of Italy merchants and strengthened their own strength and financial resources in the competition. Two, under the indirect effect of the economic privileges of Italy merchants, promoted the cooperation between businessmen and the government, and the government promulgated relevant policies to protect the British trade. Third, during the period of Edward I to Edward III, the capital of Italy merchants was injected into the unprecedented market of British wool products and the hair of the British economy. Play a positive role in promoting.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K561.32

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