试论北美的毛皮贸易

发布时间：2018-06-26 10:12

本文选题：毛皮贸易 + 北美　；参考：《首都师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 文章旨在对16世纪到19世纪六七十年代北美的皮毛贸易进行系统研究,由前言和正文四章组成。绪论概述了文章研究的历史和现状,论述了本文的研究意义和创新之处,并对所用材料进行了说明。文章正文部分包括以下四个方面的内容: 第一章概述了18世纪之前北美毛皮贸易的状况。从欧洲人发现美洲开始,法国人、英国人、荷兰、西班牙等国的商人和冒险者陆续到美洲去寻找黄金和白银等贵金属,无意中发现北美的丛林里有大量的毛皮。当时正处于中世纪晚期的欧洲流行穿戴毛皮衣服和服饰,需要大量的毛皮。没有实现“黄金梦”的欧洲商人开始了把北美的毛皮运往欧洲的历程,实现了巨大的利润。18世纪之前的毛皮贸易主要是小规模的商业活动,主要由零散的商人组成。参与的国家有法国、荷兰、西班牙、英国等。其中法国从事毛皮贸易活动进行的早,所以势力最大,这段时期的贸易主要以法国为主导。第二章概述了法国、英国、和俄国的毛皮贸易。随着贸易贸易活动的展开,大规模的贸易活动也拉开了序幕。以前是小规模商人的活动,到了18世纪之后,开始了大规模的有组织的贸易方式,组建了许多贸易公司来从事美洲、欧洲和亚洲之间的皮毛贸易。其中18世纪上半期仍以法国为主,随着英国实力的增强,殖民扩张的步伐加快,逐渐取代法国成为北美毛皮贸易的主角。俄国人则从美洲大陆的北方进入美洲,通过俄美公司进行毛皮活动,俄国的最大特点是从事北美和亚洲之间的贸易。总之,伴随着殖民活动的进行,各大国纷纷加入到毛皮贸易的队伍当中来。他们之间必然存在着矛盾和斗争,也构成了毛皮贸易的一部分。第三章着重论述美国的毛皮贸易,美国不甘心失去参与这次巨大利润的商业活动的机会。在实现国家独立后,也积极加入了该行列。论述美国毛皮贸易商人奥斯塔凭借政府的支持和灵活市场应变能力,建立了美国毛皮公司。从而把使美国的毛皮贸易发展、壮大。为美国经济的发展和边疆的开发作出了一定的贡献。第四章概述了毛皮贸易这项大规模商业活动的特点及影响。北美毛皮贸易的顺利完成需要印第安人的合作才能实现。因此和印第安人的合作、依靠印第安人是北美毛皮贸易最大的特点。这项商业活动,不仅对北美的开发起了一定的作用,同时大规模捕杀动物也造成了生态环境的严重失衡,对环境的破坏作用也是不容忽视的。
[Abstract]:The article aims to systematically study the fur trade in North America from sixteenth Century to nineteenth Century, consisting of four chapters: preface and text.
The introduction outlines the history and present situation of the article, discusses the significance and innovation of this paper, and explains the materials used. The main body of the article includes the following four aspects:
Chapter 1 outlines the status of North American fur trade before eighteenth Century. Businessmen and adventurers from the French, British, Holland, and Spanish countries began to search for gold and silver and other precious metals in the Americas from the European discovery of America. It was unintentionally found that there was a large amount of fur in the North American jungle. It was in the late Middle Ages of Europe. Wearing fur clothing and clothing, it needs a lot of fur. The European businessman who did not realize the "golden dream" began to carry North America's fur to Europe, and achieved great profits. The fur trade before the.18 century was mainly small business, mainly composed of zero traders. The countries involved were France, Holland, Spain, Britain and so on, among which France engaged in fur trade activities early, so the most powerful force, during this period of trade dominated by France.
The second chapter outlines the fur trade in France, Britain and Russia. With trade and trade activities, large-scale trade activities have begun. Before eighteenth Century, a large-scale organized trade was started and many trading companies were formed to engage in the Americas, Europe and Asia. The first half of eighteenth Century was still dominated by France. With the strengthening of Britain, the pace of colonial expansion was accelerated, and France was gradually replaced by France as the leading role of the fur trade in North America. The Russians entered America from the north of the American continent and carried out fur activities through the Russian and American companies. The biggest feature of Russia was to engage in North America and Asia. In a word, with the movement of colonialism, the great powers joined the fur trade team. There must be contradictions and struggles between them, and they also formed part of the fur trade.
The third chapter focuses on the fur trade in the United States. The United States is not willing to lose the opportunity to participate in the commercial activities of this huge profit. After the realization of national independence, the United States has also actively joined the ranks. The American fur trading merchant, Aosta, established the American Fur Company with the support of the government and the flexibility of the market. China's fur trade has grown and expanded, contributing to the development of American economy and the development of border areas.
The fourth chapter outlines the characteristics and effects of the fur trade. The smooth completion of the fur trade in North America requires the cooperation of the Indians to achieve it. Therefore, the Indians are the biggest feature of the fur trade in North America. This business activity not only plays a role in the development of North America. At the same time, large-scale killing of animals also caused a serious imbalance in the ecological environment, and the damage to the environment can not be ignored.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712

【参考文献】