《印第安人迁移法》（1830）的再评价

发布时间：2018-06-28 02:04

本文选题：《印第安人迁移法》 + 再评价　；参考：《上海外国语大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】：十九世纪初，美国为了实现向西部的扩张，大量驱逐、残害印第安人。随着白人移民与印第安人在土地、资源等问题上的矛盾不断激化，杰克逊政府于1830年颁布了《印第安人迁移法》，旨在将美国东南部的印第安人(以五大文明部落为主)从密西西比河东部迁往西部。该法案甫一推出即招来许多印第安部族的反对之声，，对此，美国政府不但置若罔闻还以武力强迫誓死抵抗的印第安部落搬迁。最终，白人政府通过欺诈和武力手段将数万印第安人送上了被称为“眼泪之路”的西迁之旅。虽然迁移印第安人的政策自美国建国开始就在开国元勋的头脑中酝酿，但是最后将其付诸实施、把印第安人迁移合法化的人却是安德鲁·杰克逊——这位因印第安政策在美国历史上备受争议的总统。在参考国内外历史资料、综合借鉴各方观点的基础之上，本文深入分析了法案出台的历史背景、酝酿法案的真实动机、美国政府迁移印第安人的卑劣手段及印第安政策的指导思想。在此基础上，论文进一步指出，虽然历史给予杰克逊及其1830年法案褒贬不一的评价，但是他所领导的美国政府对东南部印第安人在十九世纪上半期的悲剧负有不可推卸的责任。另外，美国白人的“天定命运说”和根深蒂固的种族优越感从根本上决定了美国土著居民的命运注定以悲剧收场。印第安五大文明部落的迁移不仅为美国工业革命扫清了“障碍”，还为早期城市化和多元文化的形成奠定了基础。然而它也从根本上改变了印第安社会的政治、经济基础、社会关系和部族文化。古老的北美印第安人在经历了一场浩劫后开始了长达近一个世纪的颠沛流离生活，直至今天他们仍被排斥在美国主流社会之外。
[Abstract]:In the early nineteenth century, the United States, in order to achieve the expansion of the west, a large number of expulsions, maiming Indians. As the conflicts between white immigrants and Indians over land and resources intensified, The Jackson administration enacted the Indian Migration Act in 1830, which aims to move the Indians of the southeastern United States from the eastern part of the Mississippi River to the west. As soon as the bill was introduced, it attracted opposition from many Indian tribes, and the United States government not only ignored it, but also used force to force Indian tribes to flee. In the end, the white government sent tens of thousands of Indians to the west, known as the tear Road, by fraud and force. Although the policy of migrating Indians had been in the minds of the founding fathers since the founding of the United States, it was finally put into practice. But it was Andrew Jackson, the controversial American president for Indian policy, who legalized Indian migration. On the basis of referring to the historical materials at home and abroad and synthetically drawing on the views of all parties, this paper deeply analyzes the historical background of the enactment of the bill, and the real motive of brewing the bill. The mean means of the American government to migrate the Indians and the guiding ideology of the Indian policy. On this basis, the paper further points out that although history gives Jackson and his 1830 Act a mixed appraisal, his administration bears the unshirkable responsibility for the tragedy of the southeastern Indians in the first half of the nineteenth century. In addition, the fate of the Native Americans is doomed to a tragic end by white Americans'"destiny" and deep-rooted ethnocentrism. The migration of the five major Indian civilizations not only cleared the way for the American Industrial Revolution, but also laid the foundation for the early urbanization and the formation of multiculturalism. However, it also fundamentally changed the politics, economic base, social relations and tribal culture of Indian society. The ancient North American Indians began their nearly century-long displacement after a catastrophe, and are still excluded from the mainstream of the United States today.
【学位授予单位】：上海外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K712.42

【相似文献】