印度核政策研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 21:30

本文选题：印度 + 政策研究　；参考：《复旦大学》2004年博士论文

【摘要】：印度是亚洲乃至世界上的主要国家之一，是其所在的南亚地区的头号强国，有着悠久的历史与灿烂的文化。1998年5月，印度进行了5次地下核试验，这一惊人之举使世界的目光转到了南亚地区，转到了印、巴两国之间的冲突和它们的核政策问题上。由于印度是中国的邻国，两国的关系在二战后经历了比较大的起伏，两国还存在边界、领土争端，同时印度进行核试验还是以“中国威胁”为借口。因而，印度核试验的最大受害者应该是中国，我国的国家安全在一定程度上受到了印度的威胁。对于这样重大的历史事件，给予足够的重视不仅具有重要的学术价值，其十分重要的现实意义则更加明显。加上国内学者对此问题的研究程度还比较有限，所以，本文在学术上也具有一定的开拓意义。本文从尼赫鲁的核思想入手，在分析了影响印度核政策的因素之后，按照时间的顺序，分三个阶段探讨了印度核政策的发展与变化。认为印度的核政策经历了一个明显的从理想主义到现实主义的发展过程，期间的政策起伏在国际核军备控制史上是少有的。还用了一章的篇幅分析了中印之间的核关系，以事实为根据，解释了存在于两个国家之间的核争执。在文章的最后，总结了印度的核政策。从总体上讲，笔者试图在充分占有材料的基础上，以历史学的思维，以国际政治学中的安全困境、不扩散等理论为方法，对印度的核政策进行较为完整的叙述和理论分析，力求做到既有事实，又有理论，使读者对印度的核政策有一个全面的了解和认识。本文包括两个部分，绪论和正文。绪论简要地分析和介绍了国内外对印度核政策研究的现状，解释了核政策、核军备控制、核裁军的内容，界定了论文的内容。正文部分又包括六个章节和结语。文章的第一章从核时代的来临、尼赫鲁的科学观，以及他的矛盾的核认识入手，分析了尼赫鲁的核思想。笔者认为，尼赫鲁统治时期印度的核政策呈现出了多重矛盾性：十分看重核能的潜力，着力予以发展；反对原子能的武器化，反对军备竞赛和核威胁，主张核裁军；为原子能在印度的武器化留下了一扇门。实际上，这是对核能和核武器认识的矛盾性，而这种认识的矛盾性又导致政策执行中的矛盾性。在印度，这种认识和政策的矛盾性，也只有尼赫鲁才能驾驭得了。也正因为如此，就为它的变化埋下了伏笔。当旗手尼赫鲁去世、国际形势发生变化、印度领导层更迭诸因素汇集起来时，印度核政策发生变化是很自然的。第二章探讨了影响印度核政策的因素。笔者认为，印度和巴基斯坦的分给以及由分治带来的后遗症，给印度的安全政策、外交政策造成了很大的影响。长期受英国殖民统治的历史，与印度引以为豪的历史和文化的冲突，加上甘地“拿暴力”思想的遗产，在很大程度上影响了印度核政策的制订。再加上印度国内政局的变动、冷战的国际大背景等因素，使得印度的核政策明显有异于其他国家耘第三章对1 947一1964年间印度的核政策做了较为全面的分析。认为独立之后的印度在尼赫鲁的领导下，在外交上采取不结盟的和平外交的同时，在核问旅上也采用了和平的和充满道义感的政策，是这一时期国际裁军领域里的一个活跃的国家:反对发展核武器、进行核试验;首倡禁止核试验、全面核裁军;热心参与各种有关裁军、军备控制的会议和活动，提出各种各样的建议。同时，在国内积极进行核技术的开发和研究，着手民用核能的大规模建设，争取国外的技术握助，且成效十分明显。但由于非中国的原因，中印之间爆发了短暂却又影响深谭的边界战争，尤其是中国在1964年成功地进行了核试验，这使得印度国内要求改变核政策的呼声高涨，夏斯特里总理开始对印度的核政策进行了微小而又重典的改变，原来清晰的政策变得模糊了起来，充满道义的核政策发生了巨大的变化、第四章对1965一1995年间印度的核政策进行了考察。此一时期内，印度的核政策从前一时期己经改变的思想，退化为追求公开选择的模糊核政策。印度反对《不扩散核武器条约》，认为它不公正，在世界上区分出了“有核国家”和“无核国家”，两者在权利和义务之间没有达成平衡:1974年5月完成“和平核肠炸”后，印度的核政策就成为“保持公开选择政策”一一有制造的能力，但不制造。同时，印度仍然对国家军备控制和裁军进程表示支持，但对自己所在的南亚地区建立“南亚无核区”却表示反对。为表示印度对推进全面核裁军的诚意，申度和美国一道在1 993年共同发起了推动达成一项全面禁止核试验的条约。当透个条约于1 995年有望达成时，印度却退缩了，反而加快了进行核试验的进程。- 第五章论述了1995年以来的印度核政策。认为到此时，，印度的核政策已完全变成了现实主义指导下的、现实的、甚或是阁顾历史潮流和世界人民意愿的政治工具。印度拒签《不扩散条约核武器》(NPT)和《全面禁止核试验条约》(CTBT)r 并最终在1998年5月11日和13日完成了总共5次的系列核试验。完成核试验~ 任务后的印度，其国家安全委员会的顾问委员会提出了印度的“核学说”构想: 保持最低限度的核威慑;不首先使用核武器;推动核裁军;建立“三位一体
[Abstract]:India is one of the leading countries in Asia and the world, and is the number one power in its South Asia region.
With a long history and splendid culture,.1998 conducted 5 underground nuclear tests in India in May.
An astonishing move has turned the world's attention to South Asia and to the conflict between India and Pakistan.
On the issue of nuclear policy.
Because India is a neighbor of China, the relations between the two countries experienced great ups and downs after the Second World War.
There are still border and territorial disputes, and India's nuclear test is still under the pretext of "China threat".
The biggest victim of India's nuclear test should be China. China's national security is to a certain extent affected by India.
It is not only of great academic value to pay enough attention to such a great historical event.
Its important practical significance is even more obvious.
Therefore, this paper also has certain significance in academic development.
This article starts with Nehru's nuclear thinking and analyzes the factors that affect India's nuclear policy.
The order of time is divided into three stages to discuss the development and change of India's nuclear policy. It is considered that India's nuclear policy
There is a clear course of development from idealism to realism. The policy of the period fluctuate in the international nuclear forces.
It is rare in the history of preparation control. In a chapter, it analyzes the nuclear relationship between China and India, taking facts as the root.
The nuclear dispute between the two countries was explained. At the end of the article, India's nuclear policy was summarized.
Generally speaking, the author tries to take full account of the material and take the thinking of history as international politics.
The theory of security dilemma and non-proliferation in the study is a complete description of India's nuclear policy.
Theoretical analysis seeks to achieve both facts and theories so that readers can have a comprehensive understanding of India's nuclear policy.
Understanding and understanding.
This article includes two parts, introduction and text. The introduction briefly analyzes and introduces India at home and abroad.
The status quo of nuclear policy research explains the contents of nuclear policy, nuclear arms control and nuclear disarmament, and defines the thesis.
Content.
The text part also includes six chapters and conclusion.
The first chapter of the article comes from the coming of the nuclear age, Nehru's view of science and his contradictory nuclear knowledge.
This paper analyzes Nehru's nuclear thought. I believe that during the period of Nehru rule, India's nuclear policy presented itself.
Multiple contradictions: we attach great importance to the potential of nuclear energy and strive to develop it; we oppose the weaponry of atomic energy.
He advocated nuclear disarmament against the arms race and nuclear threat, leaving a door for the weaponry of atomic energy in India.
On the other hand, this is a contradiction between the understanding of nuclear energy and nuclear weapons, and the contradiction of this understanding leads to policy implementation.
In India, this contradiction between knowledge and policy can only be controlled by Nehru.
Because of this, it has foreshadowed its changes. When the flag bearer Nehru died, the international situation changed.
As a result, the change of India's nuclear policy is very natural when all the factors of leadership change in India come together.
The second chapter discusses the factors that affect India's nuclear policy. I think India and Pakistan are divided into two parts.
And the sequelae brought about by division control have greatly affected India's security policy and foreign policy.
The history of British colonial rule, the historical and cultural conflicts with India, and Gandhi's "take"
The legacy of violence has largely affected the formulation of India's nuclear policy, coupled with the internal affairs of India.
The changes in the bureaus and the international background of the cold war make India's nuclear policy distinct from other countries.
The third chapter makes a more comprehensive analysis of India's nuclear policy in the 1947 to 1964 years.
Under the leadership of Nehru, the latter India adopted a non aligned peace diplomacy in diplomacy, and at the same time asked the nuclear inquiry brigade.
It also adopted a policy of peace and morality, which was an active activity in the field of international disarmament in this period.
The state opposes the development of nuclear weapons and nuclear tests; the first nuclear test ban and comprehensive nuclear disarmament;
Various proposals are put forward for various meetings and activities related to disarmament and arms control.
Actively carry out nuclear technology development and research, embark on large-scale construction of civilian nuclear energy, and strive for foreign technological grasp.
The results are very obvious. However, due to non China reasons, there has been a brief but profound impact on Sino Indian relations.
The border war, especially China's successful nuclear test in 1964, made India domestic demand.
The call for change in nuclear policy is high, and Premier Sastri has begun a small and severe review of India's nuclear policy.
With the change, the clear policy became blurred and the moral policy changed dramatically.
The fourth chapter examines the nuclear policy of India in the period of 1965 to 1995. In this period, India
Nuclear policy, which has changed in the past period, has been degenerated into a fuzzy nuclear policy to pursue open choice. India's anti nuclear policy.
Regarding the Treaty on the non proliferation of nuclear weapons (PN), it is considered unfair, and "nuclear states" and "no" have been identified in the world.
"Nuclear states" did not strike a balance between rights and obligations: the "peaceful nuclear intestine" was completed in May 1974.
After the bombing, India's nuclear policy has become a "manufacturing open choice policy", but it has no manufacturing capability.
At the same time, India still supports the process of arms control and Disarmament in the country, but to its own South Asia.
The region has set up a "South Asia Nuclear Free Zone" but expressed its opposition. In order to show India's sincerity in promoting comprehensive nuclear disarmament,
Together with the United States, the United States jointly launched a treaty to promote a comprehensive nuclear test ban in 1993.
When the treaty was expected to be reached in 1995, India withdrew and accelerated the process of conducting nuclear tests.
The fifth chapter discusses the nuclear policy of India since 1995, and concludes that India's nuclear policy is over.
It has become a reality under the guidance of realism, or even a matter of historical trend and the will of the people of the world.
India refused to sign NPT (NPT) and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) r.
And finally completed a total of 5 series of nuclear tests in May 11 and 13, 1998.
After the mission, the Advisory Committee of the National Security Council of India proposed the concept of "nuclear theory" in India:
Keep nuclear deterrence at a minimum; do not use nuclear weapons first; promote nuclear disarmament; establish a Trinity.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K351

【相似文献】