论丘吉尔政府对西班牙的政策：1940-1945

发布时间：2018-07-05 00:27

本文选题：佛朗哥 + 丘吉尔　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2008年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文主要针对1940-1945年间英国丘吉尔政府对西班牙佛朗哥政权所采取的外交政策进行研究。西班牙矿产资源丰富,西临大西洋,南部濒临地中海,战略地位十分重要。第二次世界大战初期,战争形势对英国十分不利,为保证直布罗陀海峡的畅通及英国大西洋航线的安全,英国决定努力维持西班牙的中立。为实现这一战略目的,英国的丘吉尔政府在政治领域对西班牙做出了一系列的让步以安抚佛朗哥政府,同时在经济上对西班牙进行力所能及的援助。1942年,战争的形势发生了一定的变化,英国根据这一情况出发就英国对西班牙政策进行了相应的调整。随着战争的进行,局势开始越来越有利于盟国。1943年末至1944年上半年,在西班牙钨出口问题上,英国与西班牙、美国进行了积极磋商,以务实的精神使西班牙钨出口问题得以顺利解决。二战期间如何处理与佛朗哥政府的关系,对于丘吉尔政府来说是较为棘手的:一方面,佛朗哥政权是法西斯独裁政体,并与德意法西斯有千丝万缕的联系;但另一方面,西班牙又具有重要的战略地位,英国必须维护其在西班牙的特殊利益。因此,在处理与佛朗哥政府的关系上,丘吉尔政府体现了英国传统外交思想的务实和现实精神,始终将英国的国家利益放在首要位置,灵活地处理与佛朗哥政府之间的关系,并力争最大限度地维护英国自身的国家利益。本文以第二次世界大战期间英国丘吉尔政府对西班牙佛朗哥政权所采取的外交政策为主题,依据近年来英国政府的解密文件以及西方学者的相关论著,力求系统阐述第二次世界大战期间,丘吉尔政府对西班牙佛朗哥政权所采取的外交政策,揭示这一时期英国对西班牙外交政策的发展与演变。本文由绪论、正文和结束语组成。绪论部分介绍了本课题在国内外的研究状况、研究目的与意义。正文共分为四部分: 一、英国政府对佛朗哥政权政策的回顾。笔者首先回顾了英国在西班牙内战期间所采取的不干涉政策。其次分析了在第二次世界大战初期,英国政府对西班牙佛朗哥政府政策的初步制定,阐述了在第二次世界大战初期英西之间的初步经济合作,这为后来丘吉尔政府的对西政策奠定了一定的基础。二、英国政府为维持西班牙中立所作的努力。主要论述了1940年6月至1941年间,英国丘吉尔政府为防止西班牙卷入战争而采取的一系列的措施。为防止西班牙卷入战争,英国从经济、政治两方面双管齐下,对佛朗哥政府采取了一系列的政策,极力阻止佛朗哥政权卷入战争。三、英国政府对佛朗哥政权外交政策的调整。1941年至1942年初,英国驻西班牙情报机构对西班牙的形势较为悲观。鉴于德国通过非正常手段迫使西班牙卷入战争的可能性仍然存在,英国制定了“1942—自由西班牙运动”计划,以备在西班牙被卷入战争的情况下,在西班牙建立一个亲盟国的反佛朗哥政权。但为顺利实施“火炬”计划,英国决定搁置“1942—自由西班牙运动”计划,并安抚西班牙的佛朗哥政权。四、英国在西班牙钨出口问题上的政策。为最大限度的削弱纳粹德国军事工业生产能力,盟国在西班牙展开了与纳粹德国的钨金属争夺。1944年1月末,钨出口问题被激化。为最大限度的维护英国的国家利益,保证英国可以继续从西班牙获取战略物资,维护英国在西班牙的经济利益,英国一方面提出了较为现实的限量方案并与佛朗哥政府进行接触,另一方面丘吉尔与罗斯福总统进行积极磋商,劝说其接受英国所提出的限量方案,最终使得西班牙钨金属出口问题得以顺利解决,英国的国家利益也得以维护。在解决钨金属问题的过程中,丘吉政府从英国的国家利益出发逐步制定了对佛朗哥政权的战后安排方案。
[Abstract]:In the first half of the Second World War , the British Churchill ' s government made a series of concessions in the political sphere to pacify the government of Franco and to maintain its neutrality . In the first half of the Second World War , the British Churchill Government had made a series of concessions to the Spanish policy .

This paper consists of an introduction , a text and a conclusion .

The introduction part introduces the research situation , research aim and significance of the subject at home and abroad . The text is divided into four parts :

Firstly , the British government ' s review of Franco ' s regime policy . The author first reviewed Britain ' s non - interference policy during the Spanish civil war . Secondly , it analyzed the preliminary formulation of the government policy of Franco in the early World War , and described the initial economic cooperation between Britain and the West during the early World War , which laid the foundation for the policy of Churchill ' s government .

Second , the British government has made efforts to maintain Spain ' s neutrality . The British Churchill ' s government has taken a series of measures to prevent Spain from being involved in the war between June and 1941 . In order to prevent Spain from being involved in the war , Britain has adopted a series of policies from both the economy and politics to prevent the Franco - Franco regime from being involved in the war .

The British government is pessimistic about the foreign policy of the Franco regime . In 1941 and early 1942 , the British embassy in Spain was more pessimistic about the situation in Spain . In view of the fact that Germany has forced Spain to become involved in the war by means of non - normal means , Britain has set up a " 1942 - free Spanish campaign " plan to set up an allied anti - Franco regime in Spain . However , in order to implement the torch plan smoothly , the United Kingdom decided to lay aside the " 1942 - free Spanish movement " plan and placate the Franco - Franco regime in Spain .

On the other hand , in order to minimize the productive capacity of Nazi Germany ' s military industry , Britain has fought with the tungsten metal of Nazi Germany . In January 1944 , the problem of tungsten exports has been intensified . In order to safeguard Britain ' s national interests , Britain can continue to obtain strategic goods from Spain and to safeguard Britain ' s economic interests in Spain . On the other hand , Churchill and President Roosevelt held active consultations to persuade them to accept the limited programmes proposed by the United Kingdom , and Britain ' s national interests were maintained . In the course of solving the problem of tungsten metal , Mr . Chui made a step - by - step plan for the post - war arrangement of the Franco regime from the national interests of the United Kingdom .
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K561.46

【引证文献】