1969年中苏边界冲突与中美关系缓和

发布时间：2018-07-05 01:00

本文选题：美国外交政策 + 中美关系　；参考：《东北师范大学》2006年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文以美国解密文件和档案为基础,以1969年中苏边界爆发的冲突事件为出发点,力图揭示19世纪60年代末美国对华政策缓和的思考过程与对华政策实质。自中苏发生分歧以来,一直没有找到一个很好的切入点来研习其对华新政策,从而使其在对华政策方面逐步陷入了困境,而1969年珍宝岛边界冲突的爆发为美国开展对华新政策提供了机会,尼克松政府开始积极运用灵活的三角外交与中国缓和关系。但是这种缓和实质是在美苏关系缓和的前提下进行的,美国仍然以对苏关系为第一要素,这无疑使中美关系缓和过程受到阻碍和局限,也为中美关系的发展埋下了隐患。全文共由三部分组成: 引言:主要介绍国内外学术界关于美国对华关系问题的研究现状及意义。正文:具体阐述美国对华政策的思考和发展历程,以及1969年中苏边界冲突为美国制定对外新战略所提供的机会。第一部分:先简要回顾60年代初期以来,美国对于中苏分歧的看法和对策。然后重点分析美国出于对当时国际上关注的中国核问题、台湾问题和越南问题这三大问题的考虑,所制定的对华政策,及其所陷入的困境。到了尼克松政府时期,在大三角外交理论的指导下,美国制定新的对华政策已经势在必行。第二部分:1969年发生的珍宝岛事件,是中苏边界冲突中最大的一起,为美国提供了在对待中国和苏联关系上的一次转折的契机。这一事件的发生,对美国来说既是危机也是时机。美国既面临着中苏爆发全面战争,甚至是核战争的危险,也拥有着利用这次冲突积极改善对华关系,使自己占据美中苏大三角关系中最有利位置的机会。正是抱着这样的想法,尼克松打开了对华关系的大门。第三部分:美国对华缓和政策的理论基础和局限性。受地缘政治理论的影响,尼克松政府完全接受了三角外交思想,在不利的国际环境中通过打“中国牌”逐步摆脱困境。因此,在这一思想下建立起来的中美关系,必然也会受到这一思想的制约。结论:简要概括美国对华政策演变的脉络,以及在三角外交理论指导下的中美关系的局限性。
[Abstract]:Based on the documents and archives declassified by the United States and the conflict between China and the Soviet Union in 1969, this paper tries to reveal the thinking process of the relaxation of American policy towards China in the late 1860s and the essence of the policy towards China. Since the differences between China and the Soviet Union, they have not found a good entry point to study their new policy towards China, which has gradually led them into a dilemma in terms of China policy. The outbreak of the border conflict in 1969 provided an opportunity for the United States to carry out a new policy towards China, and the Nixon administration began to actively use flexible triangular diplomacy to ease relations with China. However, the essence of this detente is carried out under the premise of the relaxation of US-Soviet relations, and the United States still regards the relations with the Soviet Union as the first element, which undoubtedly hinders and restricts the process of the relaxation of Sino-US relations, and also buries hidden dangers for the development of Sino-US relations. The full text consists of three parts: introduction: mainly introduces the current situation and significance of the research on American relations with China in academic circles at home and abroad. This paper expounds the thinking and development of American policy toward China and the opportunity provided by the Sino-Soviet border conflict in 1969 for the United States to formulate a new strategy for foreign affairs. The first part briefly reviews the views and countermeasures of the United States on the differences between China and the Soviet Union since the early 60's. Then it focuses on the analysis of the United States' China policy and its predicament in view of the three major issues, namely, the nuclear issue of China, the Taiwan issue and the Vietnam issue, which were concerned by the international community at that time. By the Nixon Administration, under the guidance of the Great Triangle diplomacy theory, it was imperative for the United States to formulate a new China policy. The second part: the incident of Treasure Island in 1969 was the largest in the border conflict between China and the Soviet Union, which provided a turning point for the United States in dealing with the relations between China and the Soviet Union. The event was both a crisis and an opportunity for the United States. The United States is faced with the danger of a full-scale war between China and the Soviet Union, even a nuclear war, and also has the opportunity to make use of this conflict to actively improve relations with China, so that it can occupy the most advantageous position in the US-Soviet Triangle relationship. It was with this in mind that Nixon opened the door to relations with China. The third part: the theoretical basis and limitation of the American detente policy towards China. Under the influence of geopolitical theory, Nixon administration accepted the triangular diplomatic thought and gradually got rid of the predicament by playing the "China card" in the unfavorable international environment. Therefore, Sino-American relations established under this thought are bound to be restricted by this thought. Conclusion: the evolution of America's China policy and the limitation of Sino-US relations under the guidance of triangular diplomacy theory are briefly summarized.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K153

【引证文献】