论1956-1961年的第二次苏南论战

发布时间：2018-07-06 17:42

本文选题：第二次苏南论战 + 波匈事件　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：1948-1953年苏南冲突后,面对苏联的政治压力、经济封锁和军事威胁,南斯拉夫逐渐摆脱意识形态的束缚,将国家利益作为制定对外政策的主要依据,逐步走上自治的社会主义道路。1953年斯大林逝世后,苏联为了与以美国为首的帝国主义阵营相抗衡,对东欧国家实行松绑政策和缓和战略,力图恢复社会主义阵营内部的团结。而要使社会主义阵营的团结统一成为“铁板一块”而不是“一盘散沙”,和南斯拉夫重修旧好就成为当务之急、重中之重。从1955年5月赫鲁晓夫亲抵南斯拉夫主动建议和解到1956年6月铁托访问苏联,从1955年苏南共同发表的《贝尔格莱德宣言》到1956年的《莫斯科宣言》,标志着长达7年之久的苏南冲突正式结束。但是苏南冰释前嫌后的友好关系并没有维持多久便迅速冷却。1956-1961年的第二次苏南论战引起的分歧和裂痕,成为两国关系恶化的滥觞,双方关系又一次陷入低谷。导致苏南关系阴晴圆缺、变化无常的因素错综复杂。本文在结合史实基础上运用国际关系理论相关知识,采用国际关系研究的基本方法-层次分析法,从国际、国家和个人三个层面进行探讨并层层递进,力求追根溯源、窥探实质。应该说,第二次苏南论战的爆发是多种因素共同作用的结果。赫鲁晓夫在苏共二十大上的秘密报告是诱发波匈事件的火药桶,而波匈事件则是第二次苏南论战的导火线。同时,美国推行和平演变战略,利用“楔子计划”支持铁托主义来削弱苏联对东欧的控制,无疑为第二次苏南论战的爆发推波助澜。但其根本原因是苏联的大国主义、入党作风和南斯拉夫摒弃斯大林模式走独立自主的发展道路、奉行不结盟外交战略之间不可调和的矛盾。苏南两国围绕波匈事件的起因和性质等问题以及意识形态、苏东关系和东欧各国发展模式等方面展开唇枪舌战。论战态势层层深入、步步升级,并呈现前期激烈、后期趋缓,跌宕起伏、曲高和寡的特点。其论战的实质是苏联的霸权主义、强权政治与南斯拉夫主张独立自主、摆脱斯大林模式的束缚之间国家主权和国家利益方面的冲突,在本质上与第一次苏南冲突一脉相承。从某种意义上说,第二次苏南论战是第一次苏南冲突的继续。
[Abstract]:In the face of the Soviet Union's political pressure, economic blockade and military threat, Yugoslavia gradually broke away from the ideological shackles and took the national interests as the main basis for formulating its foreign policy after the 1948-1953 conflict in southern Jiangsu. After Stalin's death in 1953, the Soviet Union, in order to compete with the imperialist camp headed by the United States, implemented a policy of relaxation and a strategy of relaxation to the Eastern European countries, and tried to restore the unity within the socialist camp. To make the unity and unity of the socialist camp "monolithic" rather than "scattered sand," and Yugoslavia to mend the old and become urgent, the top priority. From May 1955, when Khrushchev arrived in Yugoslavia on his own initiative to propose reconciliation, Tito visited the Soviet Union in June 1956. From the Belgrade Declaration in 1955 to the Moscow Declaration in 1956, it marked the end of the 7-year-long Su-nan conflict. However, the friendly relations between the two countries were not maintained for long. The differences and cracks caused by the second Su-nan controversy in 1956-1961 became the origin of the deterioration of the relations between the two countries, and the relations between the two countries fell into a trough again. The causes of the relationship between South Jiangsu Yin and sunny round, volatile factors are intricate. On the basis of historical facts, this paper applies the relevant knowledge of international relations theory, adopts the basic method of international relations research-Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and probes into it from three aspects of international, national and individual, in order to trace back to the source. Peep into the essence. It should be said that the outbreak of the second Southern Jiangsu controversy is the result of various factors. Khrushchev's secret report at the 20th Congress of the Soviet Communist Party was the trigger for the Polish and Hungarian incident, which was the trigger of the second debate in southern Jiangsu. At the same time, the United States carried out the strategy of peaceful evolution and used the "wedge plan" to support Tito doctrine to weaken the Soviet Union's control of Eastern Europe, which undoubtedly contributed to the outbreak of the second Su-nan controversy. However, the fundamental reason is the irreconcilable contradiction between the Soviet Unionism, the style of joining the Party and Yugoslavia's abandoning Stalin's mode of independent development and pursuing the non-aligned diplomatic strategy. The two countries wrangled over the origin and nature of the events, ideology, the relations between the Soviet Union and the East and the development models of the Eastern European countries. The polemic situation is deep, step by step upgrade, and presents the characteristics of early intense, late slow, ups and downs, high and low. The essence of the controversy is the Soviet hegemonism, power politics and Yugoslavia stand for independence, free from the shackles of Stalin model between the state sovereignty and national interests conflict, in essence with the first conflict in southern Jiangsu. In a sense, the second Southern Jiangsu controversy is the continuation of the first Su-nan conflict.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K153

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