格兰特的和平政策初探

发布时间：2018-07-09 09:40

本文选题：格兰特 + 和平政策　；参考：《山东师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：和平政策是格兰特总统时期印第安政策的通称，其核心政策倾向为，将印第安人集中在保留地内，通过一系列同化措施来推动印第安人的美国化，最终实现两大种族的和解。这一政策在实施的过程中，由于面临的一些问题和困境，与其最初的政策设想产生一些偏差。尽管如此，和平政策的善意倾向，以及它对于改善印白关系所起到的一些积极作用还是值得肯定的。本文主要探讨格兰特和平政策产生的背景、实施的过程、结果及其特征，，进而阐释这一政策在美国印第安政策史上，特别是在美国内战后印第安政策改革运动中的地位和影响。此外还就和平政策的启示意义做了探讨。本文共分为五个部分。第一部分追溯了格兰特政府之前美国的印第安政策，将从独立建国至格兰特总统上任前夕的美国印第安政策分为四个时期进行叙述。在此基础上简要分析格兰特总统上任之前美国印第安政策的一些特点。第二部分概括了格兰特政府时期面临国际国内形势及当时印第安人事务的形势和特点，并指出当时美国印第安政策改革的必要性。前两部分作为格兰特和平政策出台的背景。第三部分论述了和平政策的缘起及出台的过程。主要分析了美国人对于印第安民族的两种观念父爱主义和殖民主义以及格兰特个人因素对和平政策形成的影响。第四部分主要概述了和平政策的实施过程。主要探讨了和平政策的四项核心措施，分别是印第安监察委员会的设立，任命基督教会人士为印第安事务管理官员，条约体制的废除以及同化措施的实施。第五部分探讨了和平政策的评价及启示。主要分析了和平政策的成果及不足，和平政策的创新之处，及和平政策未能取得预期效果的原因，阐明了和平政策给我们的启示。此外该部分还论及格兰特处理印第安事务的和平政策在美国内战后的印第安政策改革中、在美国印第安政策史上的地位，特别是在19世纪末镀金时代广泛而深刻的社会变革中的地位和价值，试图将和平政策放在更宽广的历史视野中予以审视，从“大历史”的角度进行解读。
[Abstract]:The policy of peace is a general term for president Grant's policy in Indian. Its core policy is to concentrate the Indians in the reservation, to promote the Americanization of the Indians through a series of assimilation measures, and finally to achieve the settlement of the two major races. In spite of this, the good intentions of peace policy and some positive effects on improving the relationship between India and white are still positive.
This article mainly discusses the background of Grant's peace policy, the process of implementation, the results and its characteristics, and then explains the status and influence of this policy in the history of Indian policy in the United States, especially in the Indian policy reform movement after the American Civil War, and also discusses the implications of the policy of peace.
This article is divided into five parts.
The first part traces back to the Indian policy of the United States before the Grant administration, which will be divided into four periods from the independence of the people's Republic to President Grant's presidency on the eve of President Grant. On this basis, a brief analysis of some of the characteristics of the American Indian policy before President Grant's presidency is briefly analyzed.
The second part summarizes the situation and characteristics of the Grant administration in the face of the international and domestic situation and the Indian Affairs at that time, and points out the necessity of the reform of the American Indian policy at that time. The first two parts are the background of the introduction of Grant's peace policy.
The third part discusses the origin and process of the policy of peace. It mainly analyzes the two ideas of the American people of Indian, patriarchism and colonialism, as well as the influence of Grant's personal factors on the formation of peace policy.
The fourth part mainly outlines the process of the implementation of the peace policy, mainly discussing the four core measures of the peace policy, the establishment of the Indian supervisory committee, the appointment of the Christian personages as the officials of Indian affairs, the abolition of the treaty system and the implementation of the assimilation measures.
The fifth part discusses the evaluation and Enlightenment of the peace policy, mainly analyzes the achievements and shortcomings of the peace policy, the innovation of the peace policy, and the reasons for the failure of the peace policy to achieve the expected effect, and clarifies the Enlightenment of the peace policy to us. In addition, this part also discusses the peace policy of Grant dealing with Indian affairs in the American Civil War. In the post Indian policy reform, the status and value of the policy history of the United States in Indian, especially in the extensive and profound social change of the gilding age at the end of the nineteenth Century, tried to examine the policy of peace in a broader historical perspective and interpret it from the perspective of "great history".
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K712.44

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