“全球转向”:全球视野下的医疗史研究初探

发布时间：2018-07-09 09:47

本文选题：医疗史研究 + 全球转向　；参考：《人文杂志》2013年10期

【摘要】：近十年来,欧美史学界有关全球史的理论、方法与实践的研究有增多的趋势。这些书籍的出版或许正可以反映当前西方史学的"全球转向(global turn)",而这种"全球转向"的特色之一,即在于史学作品的"空间转向(spatial turn)"——或者说是史学跨越民族国家的领土疆界,朝着区域、大陆及半球等空间发展。目前历史学的几个次学科如环境史、社会史、性别史、经济史、医疗与科技史、物质文化史、外交史都多少受到这波"全球转向"风潮的影响。其中,医疗史如何放在全球史的脉络下来思考,值得我们进一步探索。有关这方面,西方医疗史已经有相当的成果,像是Sarah Hodges的研究。反观中国医疗史,目前仅见Vivienne Lo(罗维前)提出以全球视野来写作中国医疗史的诉求,她强调跨越社会、文化、地理边界及时间的知识与实践的传播的重要性。本文即在此脉络下,透过西方的全球医疗史研究的概况,来思考现有的中国医疗史研究成果及未来可能的发展。我们探讨的重点有二种:药物流通与疾病的全球史。总地来看,这波医疗史的全球转向,的确开展了过往医疗史研究未曾关注的课题。其中,全球视野是这些文章或专书特别强调的研究取向。然而,全球医疗史不必然就否认地方医疗史研究的重要性;反而更加强调全球与地方是如何相互地联系、交流、挪用、塑造、影响及产出。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, the research on the theory, method and practice of global history in Europe and America has been increasing. The publication of these books may be a reflection of the current "global shift to (global turn)" of Western historiography, which is one of the features of this "global shift". That is to say, the space turn to (spatial turn) of the historical works-or the historiography transcends the territorial boundaries of the nation-state, and develops towards the regional, continental and hemispheric space. At present, several sub-disciplines of history, such as environmental history, social history, gender history, economic history, medical and scientific history, material and cultural history, and diplomatic history are somewhat influenced by this "global turn" trend. Among them, how to put medical history in the context of global history is worth our further exploration. Western medical history, such as Sarah Hodges's research, has already produced considerable results in this regard. In contrast, at present, Vivienne Lo has proposed to write Chinese medical history from a global perspective. She emphasizes the importance of spreading knowledge and practice across social, cultural, geographical boundaries and time. In this context, this paper considers the current research achievements and possible future development of Chinese medical history through the survey of the global medical history research in the West. We focus on two types of drugs: the circulation of drugs and the global history of disease. In general, this global shift in medical history does lead to issues that have not been studied in the past. Among them, global view is the research orientation that these articles or special books emphasize especially. However, the global medical history does not necessarily deny the importance of the study of local medical history. On the contrary, it emphasizes more on how the global and local medical history are connected, communicated, misappropriated, molded, influenced and produced.
【作者单位】：台湾/东华大学历史系;
【分类号】：R-09;K107

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