难产的结论——关于美国环保署二恶英健康风险评估争议的历史考察与启示

发布时间：2018-07-09 16:38

本文选题：二恶英 + 美国环保署　；参考：《社会科学战线》2014年12期

【摘要】：二恶英是一类公认的持久性有机污染物,具有高毒性、持久性、生物积累性和长距离迁移性等特征。然而,对于它可能产生的健康风险和相关污染防治标准,世界各国政府、科研部门看法不一。美国环保署自1985年首次发布二恶英健康风险评估报告以来,其内容和结论经历了数次修正和"再评估",直至2012年仍未最终确定。通过考察此项延续近30年的有毒化学品风险评估产生的历史背景以及不同时期的进展和争议,可以得出如下启示:独立的科学评审机构能够防止和纠正行政部门的错误;在科学界充分民主的情况下,争议会受到政治立场、偏见或利益集团的影响,但更体现了科学研究本身存在的不确定性;由于现实的需求,行政部门不能等待科学有了定论才采取行动;为防止科学争议被非科学的立场过度干扰,公众需要对争议背后的利益博弈有更清晰的认识。
[Abstract]:Dioxins are recognized as a class of persistent organic pollutants with high toxicity, persistence, bioaccumulation and long distance migration. However, governments and scientific research departments all over the world have different views on the possible health risks and related pollution prevention standards. Since the EPA first released its report on dioxin health risk in 1985, its content and conclusions have been revised and "reassessed" until 2012. By examining the historical background of the risk assessment of toxic chemicals which lasted nearly 30 years and the progress and controversy in different periods, we can draw the following enlightenment: the independent scientific evaluation institution can prevent and correct the mistakes of administrative departments; Where the scientific community is fully democratic, disputes may be influenced by political positions, biases or interest groups, but they reflect the uncertainty that exists in scientific research itself; due to the demands of reality, The administrative department cannot wait for the final conclusion of science before taking action; in order to prevent the scientific dispute from being excessively interfered with by the non-scientific position, the public needs to have a clearer understanding of the interest game behind the dispute.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学化学学院;
【分类号】：X592;K712.54

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