美国在朝鲜战争和越南战争中空中力量使用的失误

发布时间：2018-07-09 23:19

本文选题：美国 + 朝鲜战争　；参考：《吉林大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 1947年7月,随着美国空军的正式成立,空中力量在战后美国军事战略中占据了极其重要的地位。在朝鲜战争和越南战争中,美国的空中力量都扮演了重要的角色。朝鲜战争与越南战争发生的时间、地点、参加者、战争的进行方式乃至结局各有不同。虽然美国的空中力量在这两场战争中取得了巨大的战果,使对手付出了惨重的代价,但是美国的空中力量在战略轰炸、封锁阻滞等方面的失误却有着突出的相似性。显然,未能真正吸取朝鲜战争的教训与越南战争的失败之间存在着某种关系。朝鲜战争爆发之初,美国军方对战争形势的判断是非常乐观的。因为美军拥有巨大的物质和技术优势,特别是拥有庞大而先进的空中力量。美国认为可以通过轰炸切断中国军队的后勤战略补给,最终取得胜利。但是虽然美军的空中优势给中国军队造成了巨大损失和困难,由于中国军队采取了行之有效的措施,美军依靠空中力量摧毁朝鲜战略目标、对交通运输线实施“绞杀战”的目标未能实现。朝鲜战争以“平局”结束,美国并没有对自己在战争中的失误及时进行反思,相反对空中力量在战争中的表现十分满意。当美国卷入越南战争时,更加庞大、先进的空中力量很快被投入了战场。在越南战争中,美国的空中力量依旧试图通过对战略目标和交通线的猛烈轰炸,实现摧毁北越的意志,耗尽北越的战争潜力的目标。美军认为通过对北越的交通、油料系统以及“胡志明小道”的有效轰炸就可以阻止外援物资进入北越以及北越的人员和装备进入南越。但是最终的结果却是投弹更多、代价更高、效果更差。持续不断的外援使北越的战争潜力得以保持,结果和朝鲜战争一样,美国无法依靠消耗对方的战争潜力来赢得战争,也使战争的胜利变得遥不可及。这两场战争的结果都说明,在有限战争的背景下,战略轰炸是无效的,投入的空中力量即使再强大也无法完成封锁和阻滞。武装进攻一个面积足够大的,能够获取有效外援的国家是不可能取得完全胜利的—即使战争目标是有限的。而正是由于未能吸取朝鲜战争的教训,美国在越南战争中遭到了彻底的失败。
[Abstract]:In July 1947, with the formal establishment of the United States Air Force, air force occupied an extremely important position in the postwar American military strategy. American air power played an important role in the Korean War and Vietnam War. The Korean War and the Vietnam War took place at different times, places, participants, and even the outcome of the war. Although American air power has made great achievements in these two wars and made the adversaries pay a heavy price, there are outstanding similarities in the mistakes of American air power in strategic bombing, blockage and so on. Clearly, there is a relationship between the failure to learn the lessons of the Korean War and the defeat of the Vietnam War. At the beginning of the Korean War, the US military was very optimistic about the situation. Because the U. S. military has a huge material and technological advantages, especially with a huge and advanced air power. The United States believes that bombing can cut off the Chinese army's logistic strategic supply and ultimately win. However, although the air superiority of the US military has caused great losses and difficulties to the Chinese army, because of the effective measures taken by the Chinese army, the US military relies on air power to destroy the North Korean strategic targets. The goal of "hanging and killing" on transportation lines has not been achieved. The Korean War ended with a "draw". The United States did not reflect on its mistakes in the war in time. On the contrary, it was satisfied with the performance of air power in the war. When the United States got involved in the Vietnam War, the larger and more advanced air power was quickly thrown into the battlefield. During the Vietnam War, American air force still tried to achieve the goal of destroying North Vietnam and draining the war potential of North Vietnam through heavy bombing of strategic targets and communication lines. The US military believes that effective bombing of North Vietnam traffic, oil systems and "Hu Zhiming path" can prevent foreign aid from entering North Vietnam and personnel and equipment from North Vietnam into South Vietnam. But the end result is more bombs, higher costs, and worse results. Continuous foreign aid kept the war potential in North Vietnam. As a result, the United States could not win the war by consuming the other side's war potential, and the victory of the war became out of reach. The results of both wars show that strategic bombing is ineffective in the context of a limited war and that no amount of air power can be used to complete the blockade and blockage. An armed attack on a country that is large enough to secure effective foreign aid is unlikely to win-even if the targets are limited. It was the failure to learn the lessons of the Korean War that led to a complete defeat in Vietnam.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712

【引证文献】