19世纪后期美国贸易保护政策研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 01:35

本文选题：美国 + 贸易政策　；参考：《复旦大学》2009年博士论文

【摘要】： 在美国历史上,贸易保护政策一直占有重要地位,它几乎贯穿了整个美国经济发展的历史。本文重点考察19世纪后期美国以高关税为主的贸易保护政策,并在此基础上,分析了它得以确立并很快发展到高潮原因和影响。全文共分为四章: 第一章主要是回顾1879年以前美国贸易保护政策的历史。它又可以分成三个阶段,第一个阶段从1789年美国第一部关税法案出台到1815年,美国贸易政策的主要目的在于增加财政收入,关税税率较低。第二个阶段从1816年到1860年,主张贸易保护的北部和主张自由贸易的南部在关税问题上激烈交锋,关税税率起伏较大。第三个阶段从1861年莫里尔关税法出台到1879年,内战时期的高关税政策在战争结束后被延续下来,关税税率较高。第二章主要是“战时关税”的改革和高关税政策的确立。民主党为了修改关税与共和党进行了激烈的斗争。1883年关税法的出台是美国贸易政策自内战结束以来进行了第一次重大调整。之后民主党又三次提出降税议案,但都没能获得通过。随着共和党赢得1888年的总统大选和国会选举,1890年《麦金莱关税法》出台,关税税率达到建国以来的最高点,这标志着高关税时代的来临。第三章主要是美国贸易保护政策的高潮和延续。1893年民主党总统克利夫兰上台后,极力推动关税改革,于1894年出台了《威尔逊——高曼关税法》,小幅降低了关税税率。之后,共和党重新夺回行政权和立法权,于1897年出台了《丁利关税法》,关税税率达到了美国历史上的最高点。在激烈的党派斗争和利益争夺中,美国的保护体制得到扩充,达到新的高潮,并延续到20世纪。第四章在分析美国贸易保护政策能够确立的国内和国际因素的同时,还从政党和利益集团的角度探讨了它们对美国贸易保护政策的影响,美国实施的贸易保护政策也反作用于美国的社会生活,深刻地影响了当时美国的经济和政治的发展。
[Abstract]:In the history of the United States, trade protection policy has been playing an important role in the history of the economic development of the United States. This paper focuses on the American trade protection policy based on high tariffs in the late nineteenth Century, and on this basis, analyses the causes and effects of its establishment and rapid development to the climax. The full text is divided into four chapters:
The first chapter is to review the history of American trade protection policy before 1879. It can be divided into three stages. The first stage is from the first tariff act of the United States in 1789 to 1815. The main purpose of the US trade policy is to increase the fiscal revenue, the tariff rate is low. The second stage from 1816 to 1860, advocates trade insurance. The northern part of the guard and the southern part of the free trade were fiercely charged on the tariff, and the tariff rate was undulating. The third stage was introduced from the Lille Customs Law in 1861 to 1879, and the high tariff policy of the civil war was extended after the war, and the tariff rate was higher.
The second chapter is mainly the reform of "wartime tariff" and the establishment of high tariff policy. In order to modify the tariff and the Republican Party, the Democratic Party has carried out the first major adjustment of the US trade policy since the end of the civil war. After the civil war, the Democratic Party has made the first major adjustment since the end of the civil war. After that, the Democratic Party has put forward the tax reduction bill three times, but it has not been able to get through the.1883. As Republicans won the presidential and congressional elections in 1888, the Mickinley tariff law was introduced in 1890 and the tariff rate reached the highest point since the founding of the people's Republic, which marks the advent of the high tariff era.
The third chapter was mainly the climax of the US trade protection policy and the continuation of the Democratic president of Cleveland, Cleveland, to push forward the tariff reform. In 1894, the tax law of Wilson - ganman Customs was introduced, and the tariff rate was reduced slightly. After that, the Republican Party reclaimed the administrative and legislative powers. In 1897, the DDL tax law was introduced. The tariff rate reached the highest point in American history. In the fierce partisan struggle and contention of interest, the American protection system was expanded to reach a new climax and continue to twentieth Century.
The fourth chapter, in the analysis of the domestic and international factors that the US trade protection policy can establish, also discusses the impact on the American trade protection policy from the perspective of political parties and interest groups. The trade protection policy implemented by the United States also counteracts the social life of the United States and deeply affects the economy and politics of the United States at that time. Development.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：F757.12;K712.4

【引证文献】