苏联特殊移民问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 04:04

本文选题：苏联 + 特殊移民　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2008年博士论文

【摘要】： 20世纪30-50年代,苏联政府通过流放富农和驱逐少数民族等强制手段将数百万人口迁移到国家边远地区,人为制造了一个特殊社会群体——特殊移民。特殊移民的人口来源主要有两个:流放富农-特殊移民和少数民族-特殊移民。整个1930年代,特殊移民以“流放富农”为主。30年代中期以后,当局加强了对部分少数民族的强制迁移,特殊移民的少数民族特征逐渐增强。从40年代起,当局在放松对流放富农-特殊移民的控制的同时,开始将特殊移民重点转向诸少数民族和一些带有少数民族特征的社会集团,特殊移民类型呈现出多元化的格局。30年代,特殊移民的人口数量、地理分布和管理体制基本稳定。40年代以后,虽然流放富农-特殊移民出现了人口逐渐减少,地理分布逐步萎缩,监管力度日益减弱的趋势,但随着当局不断加强对少数民族的驱逐活动,苏联特殊移民的整体发展还是呈现出人口逐渐增多,地理分布逐渐扩大,监管体制不断强化的态势,并在50年代初达到顶峰。1953年斯大林去世以后,苏联国家新领导人开始着手解决特殊移民问题。时至1965年,特殊移民群体基本停止存在。本文以历史唯物主义和唯物辩证法为指导,通过大量运用近年来俄国学者出版的专著和发表文章中所公布的苏联-俄罗斯国家档案馆的解密史料,力求真实地揭示苏联特殊移民现象的历史演变,成因及其所造成的后果。本文结论: (1)特殊移民历史现象是诸多因素综合作用的结果。它的产生,除了实现全盘集体化、加速工业化、巩固国防、平衡国家东西部人口和加强对边远地区的经济开发等表面原因外,还有着深刻的历史根源,斯大林对农民和民族问题的思想认识根源,斯大林的个性、忧患心理和政治家的善恶价值观,以及斯大林体制等内在因素在起作用。 (2)特殊移民对国家政治、经济、人口、族际关系等各方面都造成了深远的影响,是导致苏联瓦解的诸多原因之一。
[Abstract]:In the 1930s and 1950s, the Soviet government forced the migration of millions of people to remote areas of the country through forced exile of rich peasants and expulsion of ethnic minorities, creating a special social group-special immigrants. There are two main population sources of special immigrants: exile rich peasants-special immigrants and ethnic minorities-special immigrants. Throughout the 1930s, the special immigrants mainly "exile rich peasants". After the mid-1930s, the authorities strengthened the forced migration of some ethnic minorities, the characteristics of special immigrants gradually enhanced. Beginning in the 1940s, the authorities, while loosening their control over the exile of rich peasants and special immigrants, began to shift the focus of special migration to ethnic minorities and some social groups with minority characteristics. The special immigration types showed a diversified pattern in the 1930s. The population number, geographical distribution and management system of the special immigrants were basically stable after the 1940s, although the population of exiled rich peasants and special immigrants gradually decreased. The geographical distribution gradually shrinks and the supervision strength weakens day by day. However, with the authorities constantly strengthening the expulsion of ethnic minorities, the overall development of the special immigrants in the Soviet Union is still showing a gradual increase in population and geographical distribution. The strengthening of the regulatory system peaked in the early 1950s. After Stalin's death in 1953, the new Soviet leaders began to tackle the problem of special immigration. From then to 1965, the special immigrant group basically ceased to exist. Under the guidance of historical materialism and materialist dialectics, this paper applies a large number of historical materials published by Russian scholars in recent years and published in the Soviet-Russian State Archives. This paper tries to reveal the historical evolution, causes and consequences of the special migration phenomenon in the Soviet Union. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the historical phenomenon of special immigrants is the result of many factors. In addition to realizing overall collectivization, accelerating industrialization, consolidating national defense, balancing the population of the eastern and western regions of the country and strengthening the economic development of remote areas, it has profound historical roots. Stalin's understanding of the problems of peasants and nationalities, Stalin's personality, worries and politicians' values of good and evil, as well as Stalin's system, are at work. (2) Special immigrants have influence on state politics. The economy, population, and inter-ethnic relations have had a profound impact on the collapse of the Soviet Union.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K521.5

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