奥斯曼帝国治下的基督教少数族群研究

发布时间：2018-07-11 14:44

本文选题：奥斯曼帝国 + 基督教　；参考：《西北大学》2011年硕士论文

【摘要】：在中东历史上,奥斯曼帝国是一个多元族群的集合体,族群矛盾和族群利益交缠,关系非常复杂。目前中东的许多问题都与此息息相关。在帝国历史上,基督教少数族群是最为活跃,也是问题最多的一个少数族群,并在帝国的发展中产生了比较大的作用。本文紧密围绕奥斯曼帝国基督教少数族群这一核心概念,从纵、横两条线展开论述,并选取基督教少数族群在帝国发展中的重要作用进行重点论述。从历史发展的纵向来看,奥斯曼帝国的基督教少数族群在帝国中的地位经历了从低到高的发展过程。这种转变发生在西方势力渗入帝国之时,具体来讲就是从签订第一份特惠条例开始。这种变化与犹太人从高到低的发展历程形成比较鲜明的对比。从横向来看,在内部管理方面,基督教少数族群在帝国的“宽容政策”之下,通过米列特、塔伊法享有素丹治下较大的自治权。他们与其他族群形成一种既合作又对立的复杂关系。西方因素是影响基督教少数族群最为重要的因素,特惠条例、保护权和圣地问题是这种影响发挥作用的三大杠杆。基督教少数族群在帝国经济、政治和文化发展方面起过比较重要的作用。通过纵、横两条线,有重点,多角度的综合分析,本文对奥斯曼帝国的族群政策及基督教少数族群形成了以下几点认识：奥斯曼帝国对基督教少数族群实行的米列特、塔伊法等政策取得了不错的成效,值得赞许；西方影响是帝国基督教少数族群地位提高的一个因素,同时也是他们发展过程中的一大障碍；族群认同向民族认同的转变是导致帝国内基督教少数族群寻求独立的重要原因；在对外交往时,保持政治、经济上的独立很重要。
[Abstract]:In the history of the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire was a collection of multiple ethnic groups. Many of the current problems in the Middle East are closely related to this. In the history of the Empire, the Christian minority was the most active and the most problematic minority, and played an important role in the development of the empire. This paper focuses on the core concept of the Christian minority group in the Ottoman Empire from the vertical and horizontal lines, and focuses on the important role of the Christian minority in the development of the Empire. From the perspective of historical development, the status of the Christian minority group in the Ottoman Empire has gone through a process from low to high. This shift took place when Western powers infiltrated the Empire, specifically by signing the first preferential Act. This kind of change and Jewish development course from high to low form quite sharp contrast. Horizontally, in the aspect of internal management, the Christian minority group under the imperial "tolerance policy", through Millett, Taifa enjoys greater autonomy under Sudanrule. They form a complex relationship of cooperation and opposition with other ethnic groups. Western factors are the most important factors affecting the Christian minority. Preferential regulations, the right to protect and the Holy Land are the three levers to play a role in this influence. Christian minorities have played an important role in the economic, political and cultural development of the Empire. Through the comprehensive analysis of longitudinal and horizontal lines with emphasis and multiple angles, this paper has formed the following understanding of the ethnic policy of the Ottoman Empire and the Christian minority communities: the Ottoman Empire's implementation of Millett on the Christian minority, Taifa and other policies have achieved good results and deserve praise. Western influence is not only a factor to improve the status of the Christian minority group in the empire, but also a major obstacle to their development. The transformation from ethnic identity to national identity is an important reason for the Christian minority ethnic groups in the empire to seek independence, and it is very important to maintain political and economic independence in foreign relations.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K374.3

【参考文献】