19世纪英国农场规模和效益研究
发布时间：2018-07-13 14:35
【摘要】：19世纪英国崛起,不论在政治经济还是文化上,英国都在世界范围内独领风骚,日不落大帝国的建立更是让英国可以从世界汲取养分。在这样的大的历史背景下,本文注重的是19世纪英国农场的发展,探讨的是19世纪英国农场的规模、效益以及二者之间的关系。 早在18世纪末期,英国的农场发展就已经发生了变化,从以前的家庭农场为主的小型农场发展为以大型租地农场的大农业。所谓大农场一般是指100英亩以上的租地农场。大农场的兴起伴随着农业革命的脚步,二者相辅相成。农业革命中的新耕作技术,新排水技术,新畜种,新的轮作制度都一一的在大农场中实验或者在大农场中广泛施行。伴随着农业革命与大农场的发展,随之而来的是19世纪40年代的high farming时代。这是一个农业高产高收益的时代,在这个时代,大农场有着无与伦比的优势,农业的繁荣通过大农场得到了淋漓尽致的发挥。而大农场也在英国的各种农场中占主导地位,这种主导地位主要体现在占地面积以及数量的变化上。 大农场在经营上的规模化,使得其能充分利用资源,降低单位成本从而取得不错的收益。农场的规模和效益本身有一定的关系,就单位收益来看,有的大农场甚至不如小农场,但是从投入与产出比来看,大农场还是有优势的。大农场在市场经济的条件下,能够大规模的多元化的经营,从不同的点取得农业收益,这是很多小农场所没有的竞争优势,而且在大危机面前很多大农场的抗压能力是强于小农场的。综合各方面来看,大农场是适应当时商品化社会化的生产方式的,是能够产生规模效益的生产模式
[Abstract]:The rise of Britain in the 19th century, whether in politics, economy or culture, Britain is the world's dominant, and the establishment of a big empire let Britain draw nutrients from the world. In such a great historical background, this paper focuses on the development of British farms in the 19th century, and discusses the scale, benefits and the relationship between the farms in England in the 19th century. As early as the end of the 18th century, the development of farms in England had changed, from small farms dominated by family farms to large farms with large leases. The so-called big farm generally refers to 100 acres or more of the rental farm. The rise of large farms accompanied by the pace of the agricultural revolution, the two complement each other. New farming techniques, new drainage techniques, new animal breeds, and new crop rotation systems in the agricultural revolution have all been experimented with on large farms or widely practiced in large farms. Accompanied by the agricultural revolution and the development of large farms, followed by the 1840 s high farming era. This is an era of high yield and high yield, in which big farms have unparalleled advantages, and the prosperity of agriculture is brought into full play through big farms. Big farms also dominate all kinds of farms in Britain, mainly in terms of the size and quantity of land. The large-scale operation of large farms enables them to make full use of resources and reduce unit costs to achieve good returns. There is a certain relationship between the scale and benefit of the farm itself. In terms of unit income, some large farms are not even as good as small ones, but in terms of the ratio of input to output, large farms still have advantages. Under the conditions of market economy, large farms are able to diversify their operations on a large scale and obtain agricultural benefits from different points. This is a competitive advantage that many small farms do not have. And in the face of the crisis, many large farms are more resilient than small farms. In all aspects, large farms are suitable for the commercialization and socialization of production methods at that time, and are production models that can produce economies of scale.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K561;F356.1
本文编号：2119715
[Abstract]:The rise of Britain in the 19th century, whether in politics, economy or culture, Britain is the world's dominant, and the establishment of a big empire let Britain draw nutrients from the world. In such a great historical background, this paper focuses on the development of British farms in the 19th century, and discusses the scale, benefits and the relationship between the farms in England in the 19th century. As early as the end of the 18th century, the development of farms in England had changed, from small farms dominated by family farms to large farms with large leases. The so-called big farm generally refers to 100 acres or more of the rental farm. The rise of large farms accompanied by the pace of the agricultural revolution, the two complement each other. New farming techniques, new drainage techniques, new animal breeds, and new crop rotation systems in the agricultural revolution have all been experimented with on large farms or widely practiced in large farms. Accompanied by the agricultural revolution and the development of large farms, followed by the 1840 s high farming era. This is an era of high yield and high yield, in which big farms have unparalleled advantages, and the prosperity of agriculture is brought into full play through big farms. Big farms also dominate all kinds of farms in Britain, mainly in terms of the size and quantity of land. The large-scale operation of large farms enables them to make full use of resources and reduce unit costs to achieve good returns. There is a certain relationship between the scale and benefit of the farm itself. In terms of unit income, some large farms are not even as good as small ones, but in terms of the ratio of input to output, large farms still have advantages. Under the conditions of market economy, large farms are able to diversify their operations on a large scale and obtain agricultural benefits from different points. This is a competitive advantage that many small farms do not have. And in the face of the crisis, many large farms are more resilient than small farms. In all aspects, large farms are suitable for the commercialization and socialization of production methods at that time, and are production models that can produce economies of scale.
【学位授予单位】：天津师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K561;F356.1
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