17-18世纪西欧与中日漆器贸易研究
发布时间：2018-07-21 13:00
【摘要】：漆器作为东方的手工艺品,在西欧人开辟新航路之前就已经存在,并且在亚洲内部已开展了漆器贸易。随着大批的西欧人来到亚洲,大量的漆器销往西欧,特别是在17世纪至18世纪。本文主要探讨的是中国、日本与西欧漆器贸易的兴盛条件及贸易的方式、运销的漆器的数量、中国和日本外销漆器在不同时期的价格以及西欧人所获的利润、漆器贸易对于西欧国家产生的影响以及漆器贸易逐渐衰落的原因。 本文分为四个部分。第一部分讨论了早期漆器贸易的兴起。先从中日两国间的漆器贸易入手,探讨中国漆器贸易发端、中国外销漆器对于日本漆器及日本漆器贸易的影响、中日的漆器贸易对于中日与西欧漆器贸易的影响、早期西欧与中日漆器贸易。上述这些方面都为17世纪至18世纪漆器贸易奠定了基础。 第二部分讨论了17世纪的中国、日本与西欧漆器贸易。通过对于各个时期漆器贸易进行分期,探讨每一个时期漆器贸易开展的历史背景、漆器贸易的运销路线、漆器贸易的运销方式、漆器贸易的特点、中日外销漆器价格,以及对于每一个时期参与漆器贸易的西欧国家取得贸易优势的分析,清晰地勾勒出中日与西欧漆器贸易的全景。总的来说,各国的海上力量、与中日统治之间关系的维系和拥有地理位置较为优越的贸易中转站是取得贸易的关键因素。而中日两国都是作为漆器出口国,在不同的历史时期存在着差距。 第三部分探讨了漆器贸易在18世纪的发展和衰落。18世纪初期,各国东印度公司纷纷派遣船只来亚洲。这其中实力最强的就是英国东印度公司,所以18世纪的上半叶主要是探讨英国东印度公司的漆器贸易情况。此外,在这一时期,西班牙也是非常频繁地同中国进行漆器贸易。而其他国家也同中日间的进行漆器贸易,但是规模比较小。18世纪中叶后,由于外销漆器的价格、艺术设计风格的转变、政治因素以及欧洲本土的漆器制作已成规模,中日外销漆器已经逐渐地失去了欧洲市场。 文章最后一个部分是讨论了漆器贸易对西欧的影响。‘漆器不仅是对欧洲的中日风物热,也对欧洲的家庭装饰的产生了深远的影响,特别是对于本土的漆器样式设计和漆器工业的兴起,也对西欧资本主义的发展产生了重要贡献。
[Abstract]:Lacquer ware, as an oriental handicraft, existed before the opening of a new route for Western Europeans, and there was a lacquer trade within Asia. With the arrival of large numbers of Western Europeans, a great deal of lacquer ware was sold to Western Europe, especially in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. This paper mainly discusses the flourishing conditions and trade mode of lacquer ware trade between China, Japan and Western Europe, the quantity of lacquer ware exported by China and Japan, the price of lacquer ware exported by China and Japan at different periods, and the profits made by the people of Western Europe. The influence of lacquer ware trade on western European countries and the reason why lacquer ware trade gradually declined. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the rise of early lacquer trade. Starting with the lacquer trade between China and Japan, this paper discusses the origin of Chinese lacquer ware trade, the influence of Chinese lacquer ware export on Japanese lacquer ware and Japanese lacquer ware trade, and the influence of Sino-Japanese lacquer ware trade on Sino-Japanese lacquer trade with Western Europe. Early Western Europe and China and Japan lacquer trade. All these aspects laid the foundation for the lacquer trade from the 17 th to the 18 th century. The second part discusses the trade of lacquer ware between China, Japan and Western Europe in the 17 th century. Through the stages of lacquer ware trade in each period, this paper discusses the historical background of lacquer ware trade in each period, the route of lacquer ware trade, the distribution mode of lacquer ware trade, the characteristics of lacquer ware trade, and the price of lacquer ware exported to China and Japan. And the analysis of the trade advantages of Western European countries participating in lacquer ware trade in each period clearly outlines the panorama of Sino-Japanese lacquerware trade with Western Europe. Generally speaking, the key factors of obtaining trade are the maritime power of each country, the maintenance of the relationship between China and Japan, and the possession of superior trade transfer stations. China and Japan are both lacquer exporters, in different historical periods there is a gap. The third part discusses the development and decline of lacquer trade in the 18th century. The strongest of these was the British East India Company, so the first half of the 18th century was mainly about the lacquer trade of the British East India Company. Moreover, Spain also traded lacquer ware with China very frequently during this period. Other countries also trade lacquer ware with China and Japan, but since the middle of the 18th century, due to the price of lacquer ware sold abroad, the change in artistic design style, political factors and the production of lacquer ware in Europe, China and Japan export lacquer ware has gradually lost the European market. The last part of the article discusses the influence of lacquer ware trade on Western Europe. Lacquer ware not only has a profound influence on the Chinese and Japanese styles in Europe, but also on the family decoration in Europe, especially for the local lacquer style design and the rise of lacquer industry, and has also made an important contribution to the development of capitalism in Western Europe.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K14
本文编号：2135606
[Abstract]:Lacquer ware, as an oriental handicraft, existed before the opening of a new route for Western Europeans, and there was a lacquer trade within Asia. With the arrival of large numbers of Western Europeans, a great deal of lacquer ware was sold to Western Europe, especially in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. This paper mainly discusses the flourishing conditions and trade mode of lacquer ware trade between China, Japan and Western Europe, the quantity of lacquer ware exported by China and Japan, the price of lacquer ware exported by China and Japan at different periods, and the profits made by the people of Western Europe. The influence of lacquer ware trade on western European countries and the reason why lacquer ware trade gradually declined. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the rise of early lacquer trade. Starting with the lacquer trade between China and Japan, this paper discusses the origin of Chinese lacquer ware trade, the influence of Chinese lacquer ware export on Japanese lacquer ware and Japanese lacquer ware trade, and the influence of Sino-Japanese lacquer ware trade on Sino-Japanese lacquer trade with Western Europe. Early Western Europe and China and Japan lacquer trade. All these aspects laid the foundation for the lacquer trade from the 17 th to the 18 th century. The second part discusses the trade of lacquer ware between China, Japan and Western Europe in the 17 th century. Through the stages of lacquer ware trade in each period, this paper discusses the historical background of lacquer ware trade in each period, the route of lacquer ware trade, the distribution mode of lacquer ware trade, the characteristics of lacquer ware trade, and the price of lacquer ware exported to China and Japan. And the analysis of the trade advantages of Western European countries participating in lacquer ware trade in each period clearly outlines the panorama of Sino-Japanese lacquerware trade with Western Europe. Generally speaking, the key factors of obtaining trade are the maritime power of each country, the maintenance of the relationship between China and Japan, and the possession of superior trade transfer stations. China and Japan are both lacquer exporters, in different historical periods there is a gap. The third part discusses the development and decline of lacquer trade in the 18th century. The strongest of these was the British East India Company, so the first half of the 18th century was mainly about the lacquer trade of the British East India Company. Moreover, Spain also traded lacquer ware with China very frequently during this period. Other countries also trade lacquer ware with China and Japan, but since the middle of the 18th century, due to the price of lacquer ware sold abroad, the change in artistic design style, political factors and the production of lacquer ware in Europe, China and Japan export lacquer ware has gradually lost the European market. The last part of the article discusses the influence of lacquer ware trade on Western Europe. Lacquer ware not only has a profound influence on the Chinese and Japanese styles in Europe, but also on the family decoration in Europe, especially for the local lacquer style design and the rise of lacquer industry, and has also made an important contribution to the development of capitalism in Western Europe.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K14
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