古希腊戏剧与雅典政制
发布时间：2018-07-23 18:25
【摘要】：在西方古典时代鼎盛一时的希腊城邦民主制度和文学艺术是西方文明发端时期的一种奇观。先进的社会组织的建立和崛起，杰出的审美文化成就的繁荣，代表着古希腊社会文明的历史高度，这一切在文明史领域都具有重要的研究价值。本文所研讨的课题——古希腊戏剧和雅典政制——主要是考察探究以下问题：古希腊戏剧(主要是三大悲剧家的作品)和雅典政制相互依存而发展的方式和规律；古希腊戏剧和雅典政制的相互影响，相互制约。这一研究工作的重点，是戏剧艺术和社会政制之间相互作用的规律。进行这一研究的目的，是增进对这一古老的课题的理解和认识。 为了达到这一目标，本文首先追溯了古希腊戏剧的起源情况，分析了古希腊戏剧的艺术特点，以便说明古希腊戏剧的社会历史意义和艺术精神内涵。揭示古希腊戏剧所以发生的根源，同时也附带说明了古希腊民主政治共同前进，达到历史峰巅的历史渊源。 接下来，本文简要地雅典政制的发展历程，主要揭示了该政治体系在古典城邦时代实现进步的社会基础和它所提出的文化要求。雅典民主政制的建立和发展起因于雅典社会基础的矛盾运动和希腊世界各城邦之间的矛盾关系的变化。具体地说，雅典政制乃是雅典社会各阶级、各集团之间为了维护各自的经济政治利益而结成的契约形式。雅典社会是依据自身独特的历史背景和社会结构而选择高度发达的民主政制形式的。这一历史抉择的内在动机(虽然在一定程度上是雅典人不自觉选择的结果)是要克服城邦内部的冲突，维护各种力量之间的相互制约、相互合作的关系，保护和激励雅典民众的主体实践能力，以便与周边城邦的敌对势力相抗衡，进而达到扩张雅典城邦的势力范围、主宰其他城邦命运和控制地中海的战略目的。 在上述城邦内外矛盾的推动下，雅典社会逐渐从社会管理的自发 阶段发展到了自觉阶段，同时也进入了艺术和思想文化大事建设的历 史阶段。几乎所有的雅典民众都热切地投入了戏剧演出活动，特别是 悲剧的演出活动。雅典公民除了凭借雕塑艺术、建筑艺术和绘画艺术 使城邦文化生活名扬四海之外，还踊跃参与和支持戏剧活动，特别是 参与悲剧演出的活动，以此弘扬城邦精神。雅典戏剧事业就这样形成 为公民教育的大课堂，公民信仰的大教堂和公民审美陶冶的场所。 雅典城邦在从贵族政体转变到寡头政治，再到民主政制的历史进 程中，解放了自己的平民中蕴藏的巨大潜力。这就保障了城邦经济的 高速发展，也迅速地增强了城邦的实力。这也为雅典公民奠定了审美 活动以及戏剧活动的对象性基础，培育了具有独创精神的审美主体。 这一切便造就了古希腊戏剧艺术独步剧坛，其成就令后人难以企及的 历史记录。 此外，本文还从矛盾运动和矛盾特征的角度具体分析了古希腊戏 剧的历史进步作用，指出了古希腊戏剧作为雅典政制的倡导者和批评 者，对雅典政制所产生的积极作用，也说明了后者对前者所发生的影 响。同时，本文还阐述了雅典社会和古希腊戏剧在发展中各自出现的 政治性质的变化和艺术风格的变化，以及这些变化之间的联系。这种 变化和联系的关键原因是社会民主政制的盛衰(例如公民大会的性质 演变，城邦政制中权力体系的性质变化，城邦经济繁荣的虚华脆弱等)，， 古希腊戏剧的艺术内涵和艺术风格也随之发生了相应的变化。就是说， 悲剧的主导地位逐渐为讥讽时政的喜剧所取代，政治权力出现了兼并 的趋势，社会等级的分化也加剧了城邦冲突，这表明雅典政制的危机 也随之加深了。于是，具有否定涵义的喜剧艺术便应运而生了。然而， 古希腊艺术的形式变换并没有改变对历史事变的积极反应，直到它所 依据的遭到彻底的破坏。 最后，本文还以公元前5世纪雅典城邦政制的鼎盛形势为中心视 野，分析了雅典社会危机的出现，说明了古希腊戏剧对社会一般现实， 包括政治现实等做出的批评贡献，力图揭示古希腊戏剧艺术实际上自 古以来一直在发挥的作用—社会事变的预言者。 总之，是矛盾运动—古希腊城邦社会的生产力和生产关系之间， 经济基础和上层建筑之间的矛盾运动一一决定了雅典城邦的历史命 运。古希腊文学艺术尽管存在过相当的繁荣，取得了深刻的思想成就， 但最终仍没能改变城邦制度的历史命运。而这一命运留给后人很多历 史的教训。文学的历史发展通常总是受到社会一般发展的制约，这一 艺术发展的模式(或者说其他精神文明形式的发展模式)是建立在我 所总结的“钟摆式对称性文艺发展规律”基础上的。
[Abstract]:The Greek city state democracy and literature and art at the peak of the western classical times are a spectacle of the beginning of the Western civilization. The establishment and rise of the advanced social organizations and the prosperity of the outstanding aesthetic cultural achievements represent the historical height of the ancient Greek social civilization, which has important research value in the field of civilization history. The topics discussed in this paper - Ancient Greek drama and Athens's political system - mainly investigate and explore the following questions: the ancient Greek Drama (the works of the three major tragedies) and the ways and laws of the development of the political system of Athens; the interaction between the ancient Greek drama and the political system of Athens. The focus of this research work is on the mutual influence of the ancient Greek drama and the political system of Athens. The purpose of this study is to enhance understanding and understanding of this ancient subject.
In order to achieve this goal, this article first traces back to the origin of ancient Greek drama, analyzes the artistic features of ancient Greek drama, in order to explain the social and historical significance and artistic spirit of ancient Greek drama, to reveal the origin of the ancient Greek drama, and also to explain the common progress of the ancient Greek democracy. The historical origin of the peak of the peak of history.
Then, this article briefly introduces the development process of the political system in Athens, which mainly reveals the social foundation and the cultural requirements of the political system in the era of classical polis. The establishment and development of the democratic system of Athens is based on the contradiction between the contradiction movement of the social foundation of Athens and the contradictions between the various cities of the Greek world. In body, the political system of Athens is a form of contract formed between the various classes of the Athens society and between the groups in order to maintain their respective economic and political interests. The society of Athens is a highly developed democratic form of political system based on its own unique historical background and social structure. The result of the unconsciously chosen of the people of Athens) is to overcome the internal conflicts in the city states, to safeguard the mutual restriction and to cooperate with each other, to protect and stimulate the practical ability of the people of Athens, in order to counteract the hostile forces of the surrounding city states, and then to expand the sphere of influence of the Athens city-state and dominate the fate of the other city states. The strategic aim of controlling the Mediterranean.
Driven by the internal and external contradictions of the above city states, Athens's society gradually evolved from the spontaneity of social management.
The stage has developed to a conscious stage, and has also entered the calendar of artistic and ideological and cultural events.
In the historical stage, almost all the people in Athens have devoted themselves to theatrical activities, especially
In addition to relying on sculpture, architectural art and painting art, Athens citizens perform their activities.
Besides making the city's cultural life famous, it also enthusiastically participates in and supports dramatic activities, especially
To participate in the performance of the tragic performance, in order to carry forward the spirit of the city, the drama career in Athens thus formed.
It is a large classroom for civic education, a cathedral with civic belief and a place for civic aesthetic cultivation.
Athens city states are changing from aristocratic regime to oligarchy to the history of democratic politics.
In the process, the great potential hidden in their civilians has been liberated. This ensures the economy of the city states.
The rapid development has also rapidly enhanced the strength of the polis. This has also laid an aesthetic value for the citizens of Athens.
The objective basis of activities and drama activities has created an aesthetic subject with original spirit.
All this has created the unique theatre of ancient Greek drama, and its achievements are beyond the reach of posterity.
Historical records.
In addition, this article also analyzes the ancient Greek drama from the angle of contradictory movement and contradictory characteristics.
The historical progress of the play pointed out that the ancient Greek drama as an advocate and criticism of Athens's political system.
The positive effect of Athens on the political system also shows the latter's influence on the former.
At the same time, this article also expounds the emergence of Athens society and ancient Greek drama in their development.
The change of political nature and the change of artistic style as well as the connection between these changes.
The key reason for change and connection is the rise and fall of social democratic system (for example, the nature of the civil Conference).
The evolution of the system of power in the city political system, the vanity of the city economy, and so on.
The artistic connotation and artistic style of ancient Greek drama also changed accordingly.
The leading position of tragedy gradually replaced the comedy of satire of current politics, and the merger of political power appeared.
The trend of social class differentiation also aggravated the conflict of city states, which indicated the crisis of Athens's political system.
As a result, the comedy art with negative meaning came into being.
The transformation of form in ancient Greek art did not change the positive reaction to historical events until it came to an end.
The basis was completely destroyed.
Finally, this article also focuses on the prosperity of Athens polis in fifth Century BC.
Wild, analyzed the emergence of social crisis in Athens, and illustrated the general reality of ancient Greek drama to society.
Including the criticism and contributions made by the political reality, trying to reveal the fact that the ancient Greek drama art is actually self.
The role that has been played since ancient times - the prophet of social events.
In short, it is a contradiction movement between the productivity and production relations of the ancient Greek city states.
The contradictory movement between the economic base and superstructure determines the historical life of Athens city states.
Although there has been considerable prosperity in ancient Greek literature and art, profound ideological achievements have been achieved.
But in the end, it failed to change the historical destiny of the polis system.
The historical development of literature is usually restricted by the general development of society.
The mode of artistic development (or the development mode of other forms of spiritual civilization) is based on me.
Based on the summary of the "pendulum symmetry development rule of literature and art".
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K125
本文编号：2140243
[Abstract]:The Greek city state democracy and literature and art at the peak of the western classical times are a spectacle of the beginning of the Western civilization. The establishment and rise of the advanced social organizations and the prosperity of the outstanding aesthetic cultural achievements represent the historical height of the ancient Greek social civilization, which has important research value in the field of civilization history. The topics discussed in this paper - Ancient Greek drama and Athens's political system - mainly investigate and explore the following questions: the ancient Greek Drama (the works of the three major tragedies) and the ways and laws of the development of the political system of Athens; the interaction between the ancient Greek drama and the political system of Athens. The focus of this research work is on the mutual influence of the ancient Greek drama and the political system of Athens. The purpose of this study is to enhance understanding and understanding of this ancient subject.
In order to achieve this goal, this article first traces back to the origin of ancient Greek drama, analyzes the artistic features of ancient Greek drama, in order to explain the social and historical significance and artistic spirit of ancient Greek drama, to reveal the origin of the ancient Greek drama, and also to explain the common progress of the ancient Greek democracy. The historical origin of the peak of the peak of history.
Then, this article briefly introduces the development process of the political system in Athens, which mainly reveals the social foundation and the cultural requirements of the political system in the era of classical polis. The establishment and development of the democratic system of Athens is based on the contradiction between the contradiction movement of the social foundation of Athens and the contradictions between the various cities of the Greek world. In body, the political system of Athens is a form of contract formed between the various classes of the Athens society and between the groups in order to maintain their respective economic and political interests. The society of Athens is a highly developed democratic form of political system based on its own unique historical background and social structure. The result of the unconsciously chosen of the people of Athens) is to overcome the internal conflicts in the city states, to safeguard the mutual restriction and to cooperate with each other, to protect and stimulate the practical ability of the people of Athens, in order to counteract the hostile forces of the surrounding city states, and then to expand the sphere of influence of the Athens city-state and dominate the fate of the other city states. The strategic aim of controlling the Mediterranean.
Driven by the internal and external contradictions of the above city states, Athens's society gradually evolved from the spontaneity of social management.
The stage has developed to a conscious stage, and has also entered the calendar of artistic and ideological and cultural events.
In the historical stage, almost all the people in Athens have devoted themselves to theatrical activities, especially
In addition to relying on sculpture, architectural art and painting art, Athens citizens perform their activities.
Besides making the city's cultural life famous, it also enthusiastically participates in and supports dramatic activities, especially
To participate in the performance of the tragic performance, in order to carry forward the spirit of the city, the drama career in Athens thus formed.
It is a large classroom for civic education, a cathedral with civic belief and a place for civic aesthetic cultivation.
Athens city states are changing from aristocratic regime to oligarchy to the history of democratic politics.
In the process, the great potential hidden in their civilians has been liberated. This ensures the economy of the city states.
The rapid development has also rapidly enhanced the strength of the polis. This has also laid an aesthetic value for the citizens of Athens.
The objective basis of activities and drama activities has created an aesthetic subject with original spirit.
All this has created the unique theatre of ancient Greek drama, and its achievements are beyond the reach of posterity.
Historical records.
In addition, this article also analyzes the ancient Greek drama from the angle of contradictory movement and contradictory characteristics.
The historical progress of the play pointed out that the ancient Greek drama as an advocate and criticism of Athens's political system.
The positive effect of Athens on the political system also shows the latter's influence on the former.
At the same time, this article also expounds the emergence of Athens society and ancient Greek drama in their development.
The change of political nature and the change of artistic style as well as the connection between these changes.
The key reason for change and connection is the rise and fall of social democratic system (for example, the nature of the civil Conference).
The evolution of the system of power in the city political system, the vanity of the city economy, and so on.
The artistic connotation and artistic style of ancient Greek drama also changed accordingly.
The leading position of tragedy gradually replaced the comedy of satire of current politics, and the merger of political power appeared.
The trend of social class differentiation also aggravated the conflict of city states, which indicated the crisis of Athens's political system.
As a result, the comedy art with negative meaning came into being.
The transformation of form in ancient Greek art did not change the positive reaction to historical events until it came to an end.
The basis was completely destroyed.
Finally, this article also focuses on the prosperity of Athens polis in fifth Century BC.
Wild, analyzed the emergence of social crisis in Athens, and illustrated the general reality of ancient Greek drama to society.
Including the criticism and contributions made by the political reality, trying to reveal the fact that the ancient Greek drama art is actually self.
The role that has been played since ancient times - the prophet of social events.
In short, it is a contradiction movement between the productivity and production relations of the ancient Greek city states.
The contradictory movement between the economic base and superstructure determines the historical life of Athens city states.
Although there has been considerable prosperity in ancient Greek literature and art, profound ideological achievements have been achieved.
But in the end, it failed to change the historical destiny of the polis system.
The historical development of literature is usually restricted by the general development of society.
The mode of artistic development (or the development mode of other forms of spiritual civilization) is based on me.
Based on the summary of the "pendulum symmetry development rule of literature and art".
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K125
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 杨冬晓;析《云》中的诗与哲学之争现象[D];首都师范大学;2008年
本文编号：2140243
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