论冷战后美国东北亚战略的建构与困境

发布时间：2018-07-23 19:40

【摘要】： 冷战结束后,美国凭借其超强的经济和军事实力,妄图建立起一超独霸的单极世界霸权。为了适应其全球霸权战略的需要,亚洲在美国战略天平上的分量开始加重,并成为美国近期战略关注的重点。中东、东南亚、东北亚等地区是美国在亚洲乃至全球要着重控制的区域。虽然东北亚地区并不像中东地区那样是美国急需解决和控制的区域,但是东北亚地区在美国战略布局中的地位越来越重要。特别是近些年来,东北亚区域的经济发展异常迅猛,美国从中获益匪浅。并且这一区域内聚集了美国较为担心的中国、俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜和韩国等几大国。特别是中国的迅速崛起,成为美国认为的那种最有潜力威胁美国全球霸权的国家,这就凸显了东北亚区域对美国的战略价值。尽管在经济合作层面上考虑,美国希望东亚地区稳定,但为了维护美国在这一区域内的利益和全球霸权,就要在政治和军事上控制这一区域,结果导致美国大范围介入东亚地区事务。为此,美国形成了一套专门应对控制东北亚区域的策略。具体而言,美国地处北美,远离东北亚地域,但是为给自己创造介入东北亚事务的理由,它从日本的战后遗留问题和朝鲜半岛的分裂状态入手来营造介入东北亚事务的国际环境。美国以日本为基地,以加强美日、美韩同盟、加强三边军事合作为主要形式,通过散布中国威胁论、保持朝鲜紧张状态和力保台海不统不独现状为主要手段,来控制东北亚和保持它在东北亚区域的主导地位。然而美国建构和实施的东北亚战略,却面临着三个方面的困境:战略本身的内在困境、同盟内部困境、外在环境困境。由于这几大困境,美国的东北亚战略的功能与效用受到很大的削弱。如果美国无视这几个方面的困境,而孤行实施,美国的东北亚战略就有随之崩溃、坍塌、彻底失去效用的可能。
[Abstract]:After the end of the Cold War, the United States, relying on its super economic and military power, attempted to establish a unipolar world hegemony. In order to meet the needs of its global hegemonic strategy, Asia's strategic balance in the United States began to increase, and became the focus of the United States strategy in the near future. The Middle East, Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia are areas that the United States should focus on in Asia and the world. Although Northeast Asia is not an area where the United States urgently needs to be solved and controlled like the Middle East, Northeast Asia is playing an increasingly important role in the strategic layout of the United States. Especially in recent years, the economic development of Northeast Asia has been extremely rapid, and the United States has benefited greatly from it. And the region is home to some of America's more worried powers, including China, Russia, Japan, North Korea and South Korea. Especially the rapid rise of China has become the most potential threat to the global hegemony of the United States, which highlights the strategic value of Northeast Asia to the United States. Although the United States wants stability in East Asia at the level of economic cooperation, in order to safeguard the interests of the United States in the region and its global hegemony, it is necessary to control the region politically and militarily. As a result, the United States intervened extensively in East Asian affairs. To this end, the United States formed a special response to control the Northeast Asia region strategy. Specifically, the United States is located in North America, far from Northeast Asia, but in order to create a reason for itself to intervene in Northeast Asia, It starts with the problems left over by Japan after the war and the split state of the Korean Peninsula to create an international environment to intervene in Northeast Asia affairs. The United States takes Japan as its base, strengthens the alliance between the United States and Japan, the United States and South Korea, and strengthens trilateral military cooperation as the main means, by spreading the theory of China threat, by maintaining the state of tension in North Korea and by vigorously safeguarding the status quo of reunification and not independence in the Taiwan Strait. To control Northeast Asia and maintain its dominant position in Northeast Asia. However, the Northeast Asia strategy constructed and implemented by the United States is faced with three difficulties: the internal dilemma of the strategy itself, the internal dilemma of the alliance and the external environmental dilemma. As a result of these difficulties, the function and utility of America's Northeast Asia strategy have been greatly weakened. If the United States ignores the plight of these aspects and carries out alone, the Northeast Asia strategy of the United States will collapse, and completely lose its effectiveness.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K712.54

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