罗马帝国“弗鲁曼塔里伊”研究

发布时间：2018-07-31 17:10

【摘要】：弗鲁曼塔里伊(frumentarii)是罗马帝国元首制时期由皇帝直接领导具有通信、情报和监督职能的人员。作为维护皇权和中央集权的重要力量,他们在罗马帝国政治生活中的地位较为特殊。本文旨在罗马帝国的宏观历史背景下,较为全面地梳理弗鲁曼塔里伊建制与职能问题,考察其出现、发展、解散的全过程,探讨其职能活动与公元2—3世纪不同历史阶段内皇权和中央集权之间的关系,同时考察罗马帝国时期通信、情报和监督工作的发展趋势以及皇帝在维护皇权和中央集权、进行国内统治上的政策动态等问题。本文共分五章。第一章主要讨论弗鲁曼塔里伊作为皇帝的通信、情报和监督人员出现的时间,同时侧重从皇权和中央集权、皇权与近卫军长权力矛盾斗争的角度分析其出现的主要原因。第二章分别从弗鲁曼塔里伊的选拔与服役、弗鲁曼塔里伊的领导结构、弗鲁曼塔里伊的晋升与调转三个方面讨论其建制问题,分析其建制的特点及意义。第三章分别考察弗鲁曼塔里伊通信、情报和监督职能,讨论弗鲁曼塔里伊职能的演化过程与皇权和中央集权在公元2—3世纪不同历史阶段内特点之间的关系。第四章在梳理密探士兵(speculatores)、行省免役士兵(beneficiarii consularis)建制与职能的基础上,分析弗鲁曼塔里伊与行省政府中同类士兵的关系问题,同时考察公元2世纪后罗马帝国在行省管理上的政策演变趋势及中央政权和地方政权在运作上所具有的内在统一性和联系性。第五章考察弗鲁曼塔里伊滥用职权及导致其滥用职权现象的成因,同时结合稽查使(agentes in rebus)及戴克里先建立君主专制的相关改革措施,探讨弗鲁曼塔里伊解散的主要原因,分析通信、情报和监督工作对晚期罗马帝国皇权与中央集权的意义及其发展趋势。从上述对弗鲁曼塔里伊问题的讨论可以看出,弗鲁曼塔里伊的出现是罗马帝国皇权和中央集权强化过程中的产物,体现了罗马帝国在行政管理上专业化、专门化的发展趋势,其职能活动反映了罗马帝国的政治、军事、经济形势在不同历史阶段内的基本特点。弗鲁曼塔里伊是皇帝维护皇权和中央集权、管理行省政治和经济事务等方面的重要力量,其出现、发展、解散的历史过程与公元2—3世纪不同历史时期内皇帝在维护皇权和中央集权上的实际需要密切相关,是皇权和中央集权发展链条中的重要环节。
[Abstract]:(frumentarii) was a person with communications, intelligence, and supervision functions under the direct leadership of the emperor during the head of the Roman Empire. As an important force in the maintenance of imperial power and centralization, they played a special role in the political life of the Roman Empire. The purpose of this paper is to sort out the organizational and functional problems of Flumantari under the background of the Roman Empire, and to investigate the whole process of its emergence, development and dissolution. This paper probes into the relationship between its functional activities and the imperial power and centralization in different historical periods in the 2-3 century AD. At the same time, it examines the development trend of correspondence, intelligence and supervision during the Roman Empire and the emperor's maintenance of imperial power and centralization. Conduct domestic rule on the policy dynamics and other issues. This paper is divided into five chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the time of communication, intelligence and supervision of Fraumantali as emperor, and analyzes the main reasons from the angle of the contradiction between imperial power and centralization power, imperial power and the power struggle of the guards. In the second chapter, the selection and service of Flumantari, the leadership structure, promotion and transfer of Flumantari are discussed, and its characteristics and significance are analyzed. The third chapter examines the communication, intelligence and supervision functions of Flumantarii, and discusses the relationship between the evolution of Froumantarii's functions and the characteristics of imperial power and centralization in different historical stages of the 2-3 century AD. The fourth chapter, on the basis of combing the organization and function of the exempt soldier (beneficiarii consularis) in (speculatores), province, analyzes the relationship between Froman Tarii and the soldiers of the same kind in the provincial government. At the same time, it examines the policy evolution trend of the Roman Empire in provincial management after the 2nd century AD, and the internal unity and connection between the central and local governments in operation. The fifth chapter examines the causes of abuse of power and the causes of abuse of power. At the same time, combined with the relevant reform measures to make (agentes in rebus) and Dikrien establish the autocratic monarchy, the main reasons for the dissolution of Fromantari are discussed. To analyze the significance and development trend of communication, intelligence and supervision to the late Roman imperial power and centralization. From the above discussion, we can see that the appearance of Froumantari is the product of the strengthening process of the imperial power and centralization of the Roman Empire, which reflects the development trend of specialization and specialization in the administration of the Roman Empire. Its functional activities reflect the basic characteristics of the Roman Empire's political, military and economic situation in different historical stages. Flumantari was an important force for the emperor to maintain imperial power and centralization, to manage provincial political and economic affairs, etc., its appearance and development. The historical process of dissolution is closely related to the actual needs of the emperor in safeguarding and centralizing the imperial power in different historical periods in the 2-3 century AD, and is an important link in the development chain of imperial power and centralization power.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K126

【共引文献】