古代日本对中国文化的吸收及融合述论
发布时间：2018-08-03 15:37
【摘要】： 日本民族是一个勇于和善于吸收外来文化的优秀民族。从弥生时代开始一直到江户时代,日本一直处于中国大陆文化的熏陶和影响之下,古代日本文化是在逐步吸收中国文化养分的过程中形成的。文章就古代日本吸收中国文化的相关问题进行了论述。 首先,探讨了古代日本善于吸收中国文化的成因。从岛国环境、思维模式、民族的单一性、成功的体验及侵朝失败的教训四个方面进行了论述。 其次,从物质文明、精神文明、制度文明三个层次,缕述了古代日本吸收中国文化的内容。物质文化方面,中国的水稻与农耕技术、铁制生产工具及青铜器等的传入使日本民族脱离朦昧状态走上人类文明之路；土木建筑、制陶、雕版印刷术等生产技术的传入更推动了日本社会的进步。精神文化方面,汉字的输入,结束了日本没有文字的历史；儒学的东渐影响着日本的政治、教育思想及道德观念的改变；佛教的东传影响着日本的政治、文学、艺术和建筑；在制度方面,而隋唐时期对中国制度文化的大量吸收,使日本建立了较完备的律令制,成为法制完善的中央集权的封建制国家。 再次,概括出了日本吸收中国古代文化的特点。受日本地理环境和生产力发展水平等因素的影响,古代日本对中国文化的吸收呈现出以下几个特点：从吸收的历程来看,呈现出由被动到主动、由间接到直接的发展演进轨迹；从吸收的内容来看,具有选择性与主体性特点,即：在坚持民族传统文化的基础上,有选择性地吸收中国文化,而并非全盘照搬；实用性原则,即对中国古代文化的吸收具有“为我所用”的功利主义的价值取向,被称之为“功利的拿来主义”；收放自如,即对古代中国文化的吸收采取的是收放自如的灵活政策。 结语部分,总结了日本成功的经验及对中国的启示：日本人学习外来文明表现出较强的积极主动性和灵活性,其主动精神确实值得国人借鉴；中国近代吸收西方文化时的教训应当记取；只有大胆借鉴外来文化,适当加以改造创新,以弥补本民族传统文化之不足,才能不断推陈出新,丰富和发展本国文化。
[Abstract]:The Japanese nation is an excellent nation that is brave and good at absorbing foreign culture. Japan was influenced and influenced by the Chinese mainland culture from the beginning of the Yuesheng era to the Edo era. The ancient Japanese culture was formed in the process of gradually absorbing the nutrients of the Chinese culture. This paper discusses the problems related to the absorption of Chinese culture in ancient Japan. First of all, it discusses the reason why ancient Japan was good at absorbing Chinese culture. This paper discusses the environment of the island country, the mode of thinking, the unity of the nation, the experience of success and the lessons of the failure of invading Korea. Secondly, from the three levels of material civilization, spiritual civilization and institutional civilization, it describes the content of ancient Japan absorbing Chinese culture. In terms of material culture, the introduction of Chinese rice and farming techniques, iron production tools and bronzes led the Japanese nation out of obscurity and onto the road of human civilization; civil construction, pottery making, The introduction of production technology, such as engraving printing, promoted the progress of Japanese society. In the aspect of spirit and culture, the input of Chinese characters ends the history of Japan without words; the eastward spread of Confucianism influences Japanese politics, educational thought and moral concept; the eastward spread of Buddhism influences Japanese politics, literature, art and architecture; In the aspect of system, the large absorption of Chinese institutional culture in Sui and Tang dynasties made Japan establish a relatively complete legal system and became a centralized feudal country with perfect legal system. Thirdly, it summarizes the characteristics of Japan's absorption of ancient Chinese culture. Influenced by the Japanese geographical environment and the level of productivity development, the ancient Japanese absorption of Chinese culture showed the following characteristics: from the process of absorption, it showed the evolution from passive to active, from indirect to direct; From the content of absorption, it has the characteristics of selectivity and subjectivity, that is, on the basis of adhering to the traditional culture of the nation, it selectively absorbs Chinese culture instead of copying it completely; the principle of practicability, That is to say, the absorption of ancient Chinese culture has the value orientation of utilitarianism, which is called "utilitarianism", and the flexible policy adopted in the absorption of ancient Chinese culture. The conclusion part summarizes the successful experience of Japan and its enlightenment to China: Japanese people show strong initiative and flexibility in learning foreign civilization, and their initiative spirit is indeed worthy of reference by Chinese people; The lessons of absorbing western culture in modern China should be kept in mind; only by borrowing foreign culture boldly and reforming and innovating appropriately to make up for the deficiency of the traditional culture of our nation can we constantly bring forth the new and enrich and develop our own culture.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K313
本文编号：2162192
[Abstract]:The Japanese nation is an excellent nation that is brave and good at absorbing foreign culture. Japan was influenced and influenced by the Chinese mainland culture from the beginning of the Yuesheng era to the Edo era. The ancient Japanese culture was formed in the process of gradually absorbing the nutrients of the Chinese culture. This paper discusses the problems related to the absorption of Chinese culture in ancient Japan. First of all, it discusses the reason why ancient Japan was good at absorbing Chinese culture. This paper discusses the environment of the island country, the mode of thinking, the unity of the nation, the experience of success and the lessons of the failure of invading Korea. Secondly, from the three levels of material civilization, spiritual civilization and institutional civilization, it describes the content of ancient Japan absorbing Chinese culture. In terms of material culture, the introduction of Chinese rice and farming techniques, iron production tools and bronzes led the Japanese nation out of obscurity and onto the road of human civilization; civil construction, pottery making, The introduction of production technology, such as engraving printing, promoted the progress of Japanese society. In the aspect of spirit and culture, the input of Chinese characters ends the history of Japan without words; the eastward spread of Confucianism influences Japanese politics, educational thought and moral concept; the eastward spread of Buddhism influences Japanese politics, literature, art and architecture; In the aspect of system, the large absorption of Chinese institutional culture in Sui and Tang dynasties made Japan establish a relatively complete legal system and became a centralized feudal country with perfect legal system. Thirdly, it summarizes the characteristics of Japan's absorption of ancient Chinese culture. Influenced by the Japanese geographical environment and the level of productivity development, the ancient Japanese absorption of Chinese culture showed the following characteristics: from the process of absorption, it showed the evolution from passive to active, from indirect to direct; From the content of absorption, it has the characteristics of selectivity and subjectivity, that is, on the basis of adhering to the traditional culture of the nation, it selectively absorbs Chinese culture instead of copying it completely; the principle of practicability, That is to say, the absorption of ancient Chinese culture has the value orientation of utilitarianism, which is called "utilitarianism", and the flexible policy adopted in the absorption of ancient Chinese culture. The conclusion part summarizes the successful experience of Japan and its enlightenment to China: Japanese people show strong initiative and flexibility in learning foreign civilization, and their initiative spirit is indeed worthy of reference by Chinese people; The lessons of absorbing western culture in modern China should be kept in mind; only by borrowing foreign culture boldly and reforming and innovating appropriately to make up for the deficiency of the traditional culture of our nation can we constantly bring forth the new and enrich and develop our own culture.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K313
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