澳大利亚与亚洲关系研究（1940-1995）

发布时间：2018-08-03 14:28

【摘要】： 澳大利亚是一个非常特殊的亚太国家，早期是英国人建立的殖民地。从地理位置上看，澳大利亚处在紧邻亚洲大陆的大洋洲；而从居民构成看，其主体居民是白种人，英国人的后裔占了绝大部分，其经济、政治制度和文化传统也源于英、美。长期以来澳大利亚人一直以属于西方国家为荣，而和亚洲国家处于隔阂状态，并存在带有明显种族偏见的亚洲观。第二次世界大战的爆发成为澳大利亚亚洲观和亚洲政策重新取向的开端。第二次世界大战以来，澳大利亚与亚洲的关系从认识亚洲、亲近亚洲到面向亚洲、融入亚洲，经历了半个世纪的从不自觉到自觉、从被动到主动的选择，其间也一度走入误区。70-80年代以来，随着国际政治、经济格局的演变和东亚经济的崛起，澳大利亚开始了面向亚洲的历史进程。与此同时，澳大利亚对自己在国际事务中的归属也作了重新调整，把目光从欧美移向亚洲，越来越多地介入亚洲事务，甚至公开宣称澳大利亚的未来系于亚洲。以90年代初基廷总理提出“全面面向亚洲”为标志，澳亚关系进入了一个新的时期。本文试图从世界历史发展潮流、亚太国际格局演变和一体化进程的背景下，在充分占有资料的基础上，以宏观和微观研究相结合，从澳大利亚人亚洲观的演变及澳亚关系入手，动态考察澳亚关系，特别是二战以来与亚洲关系的发展演变过程及其产生历史性转变的原因，以加强对战后亚太国际关系的发展规律及其特殊性与世界历史发展趋势和一体化倾向的理解和认识。全文共分六章，约二十万字。第一章绪论介绍了课题的研究目的与意义，国内外研究概况及研究方法与基本框架。第二章从种族文化观、地缘政治观和移民问题三个层面对澳大利亚与亚洲关系的起源与发展进行深层次的探讨，认为传统的英国种族文化特征和地处东西方交汇的特殊地理位置，构成了澳大利亚亚洲观的基础，并影响着战后至90年代的澳亚关系。而移民问题与澳亚关系同步发展，并成为澳大利亚制定亚洲政策的基本因素之一。第三章认为澳大利亚接近和走向亚洲起步于20世纪30年代以来逐步摆脱英国的外交依附，并从1940年起向亚太大国美、日、中派驻外交使团。二次大战开创了澳亚关系的新阶段，战争无可选择地将澳大利亚卷入亚洲和太平洋战场。澳大利亚将自己的命运与亚洲反法西斯国家联结在一起。代表不同肤色的国家、不同种族文化类型的东西方价值观也在争取人类正义事业的宏大目标下得到交汇与统一，从而推动了澳亚关系的重大转折与人类历史的进步。第四章主要分析了冷战格局下的澳亚关系，指出战后澳亚关系明显受到了远东冷战格局的制约，澳大利亚的亚洲政策，，从二战中摆脱宗主国英国的控制转向追随美国在亚洲推行冷战，争夺远东霸权的政策，参加了朝鲜战争和越南战争，损害了与亚洲主要国家的关系和自身作为独立主权国家的形象。由于受冷战思维所主导，澳大利亚在对日和约、对华承认等问题上存在着两难矛盾性。同时，冷战又并不能概括这一时期澳亚关系的全貌。在伊瓦特新亚洲政策指导下，澳大利亚也支持了亚洲国家的反殖独立斗争，并与一些亚洲国家发展了经贸关系。第五章对过渡时期澳亚关系的探索和调整的基本原因与主要内容进行了考察与探讨，认为由于中苏美大三角关系的形成，发展经贸关系的需要和一些杰出政治家的推动使这一时期澳亚关系得以改善，其突出表现是澳中建交、改善与印尼关系和对亚洲移民政策作出重大调整，而国家利益、安全因素和经济需求开始取代意识形态成为影响推动澳亚关系发展的基本动因。第六章系统分析了澳大利亚转向亚洲的主要动因，考察了澳大利亚“面向亚洲”政策形成的历史轨迹与基本内容，认为亚洲经济的崛起、世界经济区域化与集团化趋势、邻近亚洲的地理位置、移民因素和未来的经济与安全利益，促使基廷政府在前任探索调整的基础上，提出了“面向亚洲”和“融入亚洲”的口号和政策，取得了明显成效。同时，由于历史与文化传统等原因，澳大利亚在面向亚洲的进程中，也产生了与东方文明的冲突和自身定位的问题，这一进程本身在相当程度上反映了全球一体化和东西方文明互补共生的历史趋势。结语：总结三点简要的启示与思考(略)。
[Abstract]:Australia is a very special Asia Pacific country and a colony established by the British in the early days. From the geographical position, Australia is in the Oceania adjacent to the Asian continent; from the view of the inhabitants, the main residents are white people, the British descendants occupy the vast majority, and their economy, political system and cultural tradition are also derived from Britain and the United States. Australians have long prided themselves on being part of the West, estranged from Asian countries, and have a distinctly racially prejudiced view of Asia.
The outbreak of the second world war has been the beginning of Australia's view of Asia and the reorientation of Asian policy. Since the Second World War, the relationship between Australia and Asia has gone through the knowledge of Asia, Asia, Asia, and Asia. It has experienced a half century of self consciousness, from passive to active choice, and at one time Since the.70-80 era, Australia has begun the historical process of facing Asia with the development of international politics, the economic pattern and the rise of East Asia. At the same time, Australia has also made a readjustment of its ownership in international affairs, moving its eyes from Europe and the United States to Asia, and more and more involved in Asian affairs. It is publicly declared that the future of Australia is in Asia. The relationship between Australia and Asia has entered a new period with the "overall orientation of Asia" as the mark of prime minister Keating in the early 90s. This article tries to take the background of the development trend of the world history, the evolution and integration of the Asia Pacific international pattern, on the basis of full possession of the information, and on the macro and micro basis. On the basis of the evolution of Australia and Asia and the relationship between Australia and Asia, the study makes a dynamic review of the relationship between Australia and Asia, especially the evolution of relations between Asia and Asia, and the reasons for its historic change, in order to strengthen the law of development of the international relations in the Asia Pacific region and the trend and integration of its particularity and world history. Understanding and understanding of tendencies.
The full text is divided into six chapters, about two hundred thousand words.
The first chapter introduces the purpose and significance of the research, the research situation and research methods at home and abroad as well as the basic framework.
The second chapter discusses the origin and development of the relationship between Australia and Asia from three layers of ethnic culture, geopolitical view and immigration. The traditional British ethnic culture and the special geographical position of the East and the West constitute the foundation of the Australian view of Asia and influence the post-war to 90s. The issue of immigration has developed in tandem with Australia-Asia relations and has become one of the basic factors in Australia's Asian policy making.
The third chapter believes that Australia is approaching and heading to Asia to get rid of British diplomatic attachment gradually since 1930s, and from 1940 to the United States, Japan and the Asia Pacific. The new stage of the relationship between Australia and Asia has been created in the two World War, and the war can not choose Australia to be involved in the Asian and Pacific battlefields. Together with the Asian anti fascist countries, the values of the eastern and Western countries of different colors of color, the eastern and Western values of different racial and cultural types have also been confluence and unification under the great goal of the cause of human justice, thus promoting the great turning point of the relationship between Australia and Asia and the progress of human history.
The fourth chapter mainly analyzes the relationship between Australia and Asia under the cold war situation, and points out that the relationship between Australia and Asia was obviously restricted by the cold war pattern in the Far East after the war, and the Asian policy of Australia, from the control of the British in the World War II, turned to the policy of pursuing the cold war in Asia, the hegemony of the Far East, and the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Under the guidance of the cold war thinking, Australia has a dilemma in the problems of the Japanese peace agreement and the recognition of China. At the same time, the cold war can not generalize the whole picture of Australia and Asia in this period. Under the guidance of the New Asia policy of iWatt, Australia Leah also supported the struggle against anti colonialism in Asian countries and developed economic and trade relations with some Asian countries.
The fifth chapter examines and discusses the basic reasons and main contents of the exploration and adjustment of Australia Asia Relations in the transitional period. It is considered that because of the formation of the Sino Soviet Meida triangle relationship, the need for the development of economic and trade relations and the promotion of some outstanding statesmen make the relationship between Australia and Asia be improved in this period, and its outstanding performance is the establishment of diplomatic relations between Australia and China, and the improvement and printing. The Nei relations and the Asian immigration policy made a major adjustment, and the national interests, the security factors and the economic needs began to replace the ideology as the basic motivation to influence the development of Australia Asia relations.
The sixth chapter systematically analyzes the main motives of Australia's turning to Asia, examines the historical track and basic content of the formation of Australia's "Asia Oriented" policy, and considers the rise of the Asian economy, the regionalization and collectivization of the world economy, the geographical location of the Asian neighbouring Asia, the migration factors and the future economic and security interests. On the basis of the former exploration and adjustment, the government has put forward the slogan and policy of "Facing Asia" and "integration into Asia", and achieved remarkable results. At the same time, because of historical and cultural traditions, Australia has also produced a conflict with the eastern civilization and its own positioning in the process of facing Asia. This process itself is in itself. To a great extent, it reflects the trend of complementarity and symbiosis between global integration and Eastern and Western civilizations.
Conclusion: summarize the three points of revelation and reflection.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2000
【分类号】：K611

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