大萧条时期的非裔美国人研究
发布时间：2018-08-08 16:05
【摘要】： 黑人在奴隶贸易中被贩运到美洲就定义了他们在美国的社会地位,没有人身自由,不能享有与白人相同的政治、经济、社会权利,在社会结构中处于最底层。但是美国是一个倡导民主、平等与自由的国家。面对黑人的现实处境和美国的梦想,在社会中形成了奴役与自由的悖论,在这种悖论中,黑人不断努力和斗争以争取平等地位。 20世纪初,在美国历史上的黑人大迁徙中,南部黑人受到北部和中西部良好的工作、政治和生活环境的吸引纷纷来到这里定居,并在在大城市和工业城市中发展成为黑人社区。黑人人口结构分布的改变,促使黑人社会发生变化,种族歧视成为一个全国性问题。北部和中西部相对宽松的环境,促使黑人发展起自己的种族意识,纽约的“哈莱姆文艺复兴”便是黑人种族意识的集中反映,而种族意识和民族精神鼓励黑人进行争取平等权利的斗争。 经历1929-1933年的经济萧条,美国在经济、政治、社会各方面都发生着重大变化。在大萧条中的非裔美国人,受到种族隔离和种族歧视的影响,在工作、教育、就业和居住环境中都处于不利地位,影响到他们的生活。面对不平等,非裔美国人采取了各种斗争方式,在民主体制下,争取自己应有的权利。各行业的黑人劳工纷纷建立起有组织的工会,团结一切不反对黑人的力量,展开了反对就业歧视的联合抵制运动,以及三月向华盛顿进军运动。这一时期,成长起来的非裔美国人中产阶级领导黑人争取平等权利而斗争。全国有色人种协进会在反对种族隔离和黑人教育问题上都做出的很大的贡献,并鼓励和组织黑人争取政治的平等权利。城市联盟也积极为黑人的就业问题而积极游说政府做出决策。 1932年富兰克林·D.罗斯福当选总统,上任伊始便开始实施新政,大胆地颁布很多新政立法,拯救美国资本主义经济。但是在实施新政过程中,非裔美国人成为“被遗忘的群体”,很多措施只是暂时的缓解了黑人的困难,而没有从根上消除种族歧视,也没有给于黑人更多的平等权利。在这个过程中,非裔美国人要在新政的民主体制下为自己的权利而斗争。与此同时,黑人文化也在继承“新黑人”运动取得成就的基础上进一步发展,为美国文化和艺术做出重要贡献,并以文化为载体改善种族关系。 总之,1929-1939年是美国历史的一个转折点,对于非裔美国人争取权利平等的斗争也是一个非常重要的阶段,在这个时期取得的斗争成果及其历史局限性都为60年代非裔美国人大规模民权运动的兴起提供了基础。
[Abstract]:Black people who were trafficked to the Americas in the slave trade defined their social status in the United States without personal freedom and not enjoying the same political economic and social rights as whites and being at the bottom of the social structure. But America is a nation that advocates democracy, equality and freedom. In the face of the reality of the black people and the American dream, the paradox of slavery and freedom is formed in society, in which blacks strive and struggle for equality in the early 20th century. During the great black migration in American history, the blacks in the south were attracted by the good jobs in the north and the Midwest, and settled in the political and living environment, and developed into black communities in the big cities and industrial cities. The change in the distribution of black population prompted the change of black society and racial discrimination became a national problem. The relatively relaxed environment in the north and the Midwest encouraged blacks to develop their own racial consciousness, and the Harlem Renaissance in New York was a concentrated reflection of black racial consciousness. Racial consciousness and ethos encourage blacks to fight for equal rights. After the economic depression of 1929-1933, great changes have taken place in American economy, politics and society. African-Americans in the Great Depression were affected by apartheid and racial discrimination, disadvantaged in their work, education, employment, and living environment, affecting their lives. Faced with inequality, African-Americans fought for their rights under democracy. Black workers from all walks of life formed organized unions, unites all non-black forces, launched a boycott against employment discrimination, and marched into Washington in March. During this period, a growing African-American middle class led the black fight for equal rights. The NAACP has made great contributions to the fight against apartheid and black education, and has encouraged and organized black people to fight for equal rights in politics. The cities Alliance also actively lobbied the government for black employment. When Roosevelt was elected President, he began to implement the New deal when he took office, and boldly enacted a lot of New deal legislation to save the capitalist economy of the United States. But in the implementation of the New deal, African-Americans became a "forgotten group", and many measures only temporarily alleviated the difficulties of black people, but did not eliminate racial discrimination from the root, nor did they give black people more equal rights. In the process, African-Americans fight for their rights under the New deal democracy. At the same time, the black culture is further developed on the basis of inheriting the achievements of the "New Black" movement, making important contributions to American culture and art, and taking culture as the carrier to improve race relations. In short, 1929-1939 was a turning point in American history, and it was also a very important stage in African-Americans' struggle for equality of rights. The achievements and historical limitations of the struggle during this period provided the basis for the rise of the African-American mass civil rights movement in the 1960 s.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.52
本文编号：2172307
[Abstract]:Black people who were trafficked to the Americas in the slave trade defined their social status in the United States without personal freedom and not enjoying the same political economic and social rights as whites and being at the bottom of the social structure. But America is a nation that advocates democracy, equality and freedom. In the face of the reality of the black people and the American dream, the paradox of slavery and freedom is formed in society, in which blacks strive and struggle for equality in the early 20th century. During the great black migration in American history, the blacks in the south were attracted by the good jobs in the north and the Midwest, and settled in the political and living environment, and developed into black communities in the big cities and industrial cities. The change in the distribution of black population prompted the change of black society and racial discrimination became a national problem. The relatively relaxed environment in the north and the Midwest encouraged blacks to develop their own racial consciousness, and the Harlem Renaissance in New York was a concentrated reflection of black racial consciousness. Racial consciousness and ethos encourage blacks to fight for equal rights. After the economic depression of 1929-1933, great changes have taken place in American economy, politics and society. African-Americans in the Great Depression were affected by apartheid and racial discrimination, disadvantaged in their work, education, employment, and living environment, affecting their lives. Faced with inequality, African-Americans fought for their rights under democracy. Black workers from all walks of life formed organized unions, unites all non-black forces, launched a boycott against employment discrimination, and marched into Washington in March. During this period, a growing African-American middle class led the black fight for equal rights. The NAACP has made great contributions to the fight against apartheid and black education, and has encouraged and organized black people to fight for equal rights in politics. The cities Alliance also actively lobbied the government for black employment. When Roosevelt was elected President, he began to implement the New deal when he took office, and boldly enacted a lot of New deal legislation to save the capitalist economy of the United States. But in the implementation of the New deal, African-Americans became a "forgotten group", and many measures only temporarily alleviated the difficulties of black people, but did not eliminate racial discrimination from the root, nor did they give black people more equal rights. In the process, African-Americans fight for their rights under the New deal democracy. At the same time, the black culture is further developed on the basis of inheriting the achievements of the "New Black" movement, making important contributions to American culture and art, and taking culture as the carrier to improve race relations. In short, 1929-1939 was a turning point in American history, and it was also a very important stage in African-Americans' struggle for equality of rights. The achievements and historical limitations of the struggle during this period provided the basis for the rise of the African-American mass civil rights movement in the 1960 s.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.52
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 张翠;美国黑人教育权利变迁研究[D];西北师范大学;2012年
，本文编号：2172307
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