美国犹太人及其对美国政治决策过程的影响

发布时间：2018-08-09 16:56

【摘要】：1654年,一小批犹太人来到美国,拉开了美国犹太人历史的大幕。从那以后,犹太人在这片大陆繁衍发展起来。随着犹太人的社会地位逐步提高,他们在美国成立了许多组织。这些组织就是美国犹太集团的前身,对美国社会及外交政策带来了深远影响。本文将试图分析犹太人在美国的起源及发展,并探究其对美国社会、政治及外交政策的影响。尽管犹太人在传媒、经济及教育领域极大影响着美国,本文将把讨论的重点放在犹太人对政治决策的影响上。通过诸如美以公共事务委员会、基督徒以色列之友联合会、美国主要犹太组织主席会议等利益集团,美国犹太人成为美国政治中的重要参与者。作者认为,犹太人在政策决定层面的作用主要通过两个方面体现出来:首先,美以公共事务委员会的游说行为对国会产生了极大影响。犹太利益集团通过各种手段,使得国会议员做出有利于他们的支持以色列的决议;其次,美国犹太人通过参与总统选举和游说白宫,对行政层面施加影响。发生在20世纪70年代的第四次中东战争给美以关系带来了深远影响。在此期间,犹太集团利用其“大棒和胡萝卜并施”战略,成功地使福特政府放弃了对以色列的“再次评估”。进入21世纪后,只要美国犹太人在美国的经济地位没有发生变化,犹太集团就还将对美国的决策过程及外交政策带来持久而深远的影响。
[Abstract]:In 1654, a small group of Jews came to the United States, which opened the history of American Jews. Since then, Jews have flourished in this continent. As the social status of Jews gradually rose, they formed many organizations in the United States. These groups were the forerunners of the American Jewish bloc and had a profound impact on American social and foreign policy. This paper attempts to analyze the origin and development of Jews in the United States and its influence on American social, political and foreign policy. Although Jews greatly influence the United States in the fields of media, economics and education, this paper will focus on the influence of Jews on political decisions. American Jews have become important participants in American politics through interest groups such as the U.S.-Israel Public Affairs Committee, the Christian Association of Friends of Israel, and the meeting of chairmen of major Jewish organizations in the United States. The author believes that the role of Jews in policy decisions is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the lobbying activities of the American and Israeli Public Affairs Committee have had a great impact on Congress. Jewish interest groups use various means to get members of Congress to make resolutions in favor of Israel; second, American Jews exert influence on the executive level by participating in presidential elections and lobbying the White House. The fourth Middle East War, which took place in the 1970 s, had a profound impact on American-Israeli relations. In the meantime, the Jewish group used its "stick and carrot" strategy to succeed in getting the Ford government to abandon its "reassessment" of Israel. After entering the 21st century, as long as the economic status of American Jews in the United States has not changed, Jewish groups will also have a lasting and far-reaching impact on the decision-making process and foreign policy of the United States.
【学位授予单位】：外交学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712

【共引文献】