埃及与沙特在阿拉伯世界的竞争与冲突（1952-1970）
发布时间：2018-08-11 15:43
【摘要】：20世纪50-70年代，阿拉伯世界掀起了民族民主运动的高潮。1952年，，埃及自由军官组织在纳赛尔的领导下发动了七月革命政变，赶走了英法殖民者，废黜了国王，建立了共和国。纳赛尔也一跃成为阿拉伯世界的英雄。在埃及的影响下，阿拉伯地区各个国家纷纷发动革命取得了独立。纳赛尔在阿拉伯民族主义的旗帜下呼吁建立统一的阿拉伯国家，以谋求埃及在阿拉伯世界的盟主地位。 沙特作为阿拉伯世界典型的以伊斯兰教立国的君主制国家对埃及的做法自然不满。随着20世际50-70年代沙特石油的进一步开采，沙特经济实力大增，沙特开始与埃及争夺阿拉伯地区的领导权。两国在这段时期内陷入了竞争与冲突的状态。 埃沙两国的竞争与冲突具体表现为：政治制度上，埃及的共和制政体和沙特的君主制政体之间矛盾重重；经济上，埃及的计划经济模式与沙特以石油为依托的出口导向性模式之间分歧严重；意识形态的上，埃及的阿拉伯民族主义思想与沙特的泛伊斯兰主义思想冲突强烈。究其根本原因两国都是为了维护各自的国家利益，最终目的是为了谋求阿拉伯世界的领导权。 作为在中东具有举足轻重地位的两个大国，埃及和沙特的关系对阿拉伯世界产生了极大的影响。阿拉伯地区的兄弟国家自觉或不自觉地被分为以埃及为首的新独立的世俗化的共和制国家和以沙特为首的传统伊斯兰教的君主制国家两大阵营。这不仅在一定程度破坏了阿拉伯世界内部的团结，造成了阿拉伯世界的动荡与分裂，同时也为美苏对中东地区的势力渗透提供了良好的机会，埃及和沙特分别加入东西方两大不同阵营，美苏两国因此加强了了对阿拉伯世界的控制。 埃及和沙特的矛盾症结在于两国的地区大国梦。两国为了追求各自的国家利益而罔顾他国意志，这使得阿拉伯世界长期处于分裂与动乱之中，最终导致第三次中东战争阿拉伯国家的惨败。事实证明，只有在相互尊重的基础上共同合作才是对国家利益最好的保障，否则只会对自身利益造成伤害。 随着1970年纳赛尔的去世，阿拉伯民族主义思想在阿拉伯世界逐步衰落，伊斯兰教开始复兴。萨达特上台后不再宣扬阿拉伯国家的统一，埃及和沙特之间的矛盾开始减弱，埃沙关系逐步缓和。
[Abstract]:In the 1950s and 1970s, the Arab world set off the climax of the national democratic movement. In 1952, under Nasser's leadership, the Egyptian Free officers Organization launched a revolutionary coup in July, ousting the British and French colonists, dethroning the king and establishing a republic. Nasser also leapt into a hero in the Arab world. Under the influence of Egypt, various countries in the Arab region launched revolution and gained independence. Under the banner of Arab nationalism, Nasser called for the establishment of a unified Arab state in order to seek Egypt's supremacy in the Arab world. Saudi Arabia, a typical Islamic monarchy in the Arab world, is naturally dissatisfied with Egypt's practices. With the further exploitation of Saudi oil in the 1950s and 1970s, Saudi Arabia's economic power grew, and the Saudis began to compete with Egypt for leadership in the Arab region. The two countries fell into a state of competition and conflict during this period. The rivalry and conflict between Egypt and Saudi Arabia are manifested in the following aspects: the political system, the conflict between Egypt's republic and Saudi monarchy; and the economy, There are serious differences between the planned economy mode of Egypt and the export-oriented mode of Saudi Arabia based on oil, and ideologically, there is a strong conflict between the Arab nationalism thought of Egypt and the pan-Islamism thought of Saudi Arabia. The root cause is for both countries to defend their national interests and ultimately to seek leadership in the Arab world. As two major powers in the Middle East, the relationship between Egypt and Saudi Arabia has had a great impact on the Arab world. The fraternal countries in the Arab region are divided into two camps, namely, the newly independent secular republic led by Egypt and the traditional Islamic monarchy led by Saudi Arabia. This not only undermined the unity within the Arab world to a certain extent, caused instability and division in the Arab world, but also provided a good opportunity for the United States and the Soviet Union to infiltrate forces in the Middle East. Egypt and Saudi Arabia joined the East and West, and the United States and the Soviet Union strengthened their grip on the Arab world. The crux of the contradiction between Egypt and Saudi Arabia lies in the dream of regional power. In pursuit of their own national interests, the two countries ignored the will of other countries, which caused the Arab world to be divided and troubled for a long time, and finally led to the defeat of the Arab countries in the third Middle East War. It has proved that cooperation on the basis of mutual respect is the best safeguard for national interests, otherwise it will only harm their own interests. With the death of Nasser in 1970, Arab nationalism declined in the Arab world and Islam began to revive. After Sadat came to power, he no longer preached the unity of Arab countries, the contradiction between Egypt and Saudi Arabia began to weaken, and the relations between Egypt and Saudi Arabia gradually eased.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K411.5;K384.52
本文编号：2177436
[Abstract]:In the 1950s and 1970s, the Arab world set off the climax of the national democratic movement. In 1952, under Nasser's leadership, the Egyptian Free officers Organization launched a revolutionary coup in July, ousting the British and French colonists, dethroning the king and establishing a republic. Nasser also leapt into a hero in the Arab world. Under the influence of Egypt, various countries in the Arab region launched revolution and gained independence. Under the banner of Arab nationalism, Nasser called for the establishment of a unified Arab state in order to seek Egypt's supremacy in the Arab world. Saudi Arabia, a typical Islamic monarchy in the Arab world, is naturally dissatisfied with Egypt's practices. With the further exploitation of Saudi oil in the 1950s and 1970s, Saudi Arabia's economic power grew, and the Saudis began to compete with Egypt for leadership in the Arab region. The two countries fell into a state of competition and conflict during this period. The rivalry and conflict between Egypt and Saudi Arabia are manifested in the following aspects: the political system, the conflict between Egypt's republic and Saudi monarchy; and the economy, There are serious differences between the planned economy mode of Egypt and the export-oriented mode of Saudi Arabia based on oil, and ideologically, there is a strong conflict between the Arab nationalism thought of Egypt and the pan-Islamism thought of Saudi Arabia. The root cause is for both countries to defend their national interests and ultimately to seek leadership in the Arab world. As two major powers in the Middle East, the relationship between Egypt and Saudi Arabia has had a great impact on the Arab world. The fraternal countries in the Arab region are divided into two camps, namely, the newly independent secular republic led by Egypt and the traditional Islamic monarchy led by Saudi Arabia. This not only undermined the unity within the Arab world to a certain extent, caused instability and division in the Arab world, but also provided a good opportunity for the United States and the Soviet Union to infiltrate forces in the Middle East. Egypt and Saudi Arabia joined the East and West, and the United States and the Soviet Union strengthened their grip on the Arab world. The crux of the contradiction between Egypt and Saudi Arabia lies in the dream of regional power. In pursuit of their own national interests, the two countries ignored the will of other countries, which caused the Arab world to be divided and troubled for a long time, and finally led to the defeat of the Arab countries in the third Middle East War. It has proved that cooperation on the basis of mutual respect is the best safeguard for national interests, otherwise it will only harm their own interests. With the death of Nasser in 1970, Arab nationalism declined in the Arab world and Islam began to revive. After Sadat came to power, he no longer preached the unity of Arab countries, the contradiction between Egypt and Saudi Arabia began to weaken, and the relations between Egypt and Saudi Arabia gradually eased.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K411.5;K384.52
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