威尔逊政府对菲律宾政策述评

发布时间：2018-08-12 13:06

【摘要】： 近代以来,菲律宾就一直处于外来的压迫和奴役之下。美国占领菲律宾后,政策反复,尤其是在菲律宾独立问题上,始终不想给予正面的回答。而威尔逊上台后,明确要实现菲律宾人民的独立,给了这个饱受灾难的民族以希望,本文将系统的阐述威尔逊对菲律宾政策,从中分析威尔逊理想主义外交政策的实质。本文分为三个部分: 第一部分,主要阐述了美国在向垄断资本主义过渡后,急需海外市场,因此在“海权论”等扩张思想的指导下,美国发动了对西班牙的战争,抢占了菲律宾等地,作为自己的殖民地,并对这些地方实行殖民统治。当时,美国政府是由共和党控制,对菲律宾施政的主要措施就是“美化”,即,将菲律宾变为美国政治、经济和军事上的附庸,并直接控制菲律宾。第二部分,主要阐述了威尔逊上台后,任命了哈里森为总督,并在菲律宾实行的一系列的改革。其中最主要的两大改革就是对菲律宾政府实行“菲化”以及通过了《琼斯法案》。“菲化”即是启用更多的菲律宾人在政府中任职,以培养菲律宾人自治的能力,以达到“菲人治菲”。《琼斯法案》作为新的组织法,规定了菲律宾政府新的组织规则,同时在序言中明确规定:当菲律宾能够成立一个稳定的政府之后,美国即宣布菲律宾独立。这两项措施,在稳定美国对菲律宾的统治,缓解菲美矛盾方面起到了相当重要的作用。另外,威尔逊政府还通过一系列经济上的改革,使菲律宾更加沦为美国的市场附庸,也使得菲律宾离真正的完全的独立越来越远。第三部分,威尔逊之后的美国政府对菲律宾的政策充满着反复,具体原因是由于共和党和民主党实行政策的党派差别。尽管在国际背景的革命浪潮的推动下,美国不得不实现当初许诺给予菲律宾独立的诺言,但是,时至今日,美国依然从各方面控制着菲律宾。最重要的原因在于,美国的影响深入菲律宾。尽管威尔逊推行的是“菲化”政策,但是实际上是将美国的思想传给菲律宾人,也就是实质上的“美国化”。这就是威尔逊政府对菲律宾政策的实质。
[Abstract]:Since modern times, the Philippines has been under foreign oppression and slavery. After the US occupation of the Philippines, repeated policies, especially on the issue of Philippine independence, never wanted to give a positive answer. After Wilson came to power, he made it clear that he wanted to realize the independence of the Filipino people, which gave the nation a hope. This paper will systematically explain Wilson's policy towards the Philippines and analyze the essence of Wilson's idealistic foreign policy. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part mainly expounds that the United States is in urgent need of overseas market after the transition to monopoly capitalism, so under the guidance of "sea power theory" and other expansion thoughts, The United States launched a war against Spain, seized the Philippines and other places as its own colony, and colonized these places. At that time, the administration of the United States was controlled by the Republican Party, and the main measure of the administration of the Philippines was to "beautify", that is, to turn the Philippines into a political, economic and military vassal of the United States, and to take direct control of the Philippines. The second part mainly expounds a series of reforms in the Philippines after Wilson appointed Harrison as Governor. The two major reforms were the Philippine government and the passage of the Jones Act. "Filipinization" is the use of more Filipinos in government to develop the capacity of Filipino autonomy to achieve "governing the Philippines by Filipinos." as a new organic law, the "Jones Act" sets out new organizational rules for the Philippine government. The preamble also makes it clear that when the Philippines can form a stable government, the United States declares the Philippines independent. These two measures have played a very important role in stabilizing American rule over the Philippines and easing the contradiction between the Philippines and the United States. In addition, the Wilson administration, through a series of economic reforms, has made the Philippines a market appendage to the United States, and it has moved the Philippines further and further away from true complete independence. In the third part, the United States government after Wilson was full of repeated policies towards the Philippines because of the partisan differences between Republicans and Democrats. Despite the fact that the United States had to fulfill its promise to grant independence to the Philippines, the United States still controls the Philippines in all its aspects. The most important reason is that America's influence is deep into the Philippines. Although Wilson pursued the policy of "Filipinization", it actually passed American ideas to the Filipinos, that is, essentially "Americanization". This is the essence of Wilson's policy towards the Philippines.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K712.5

【相似文献】