古埃及麦地那工匠村的经济活动

发布时间：2018-08-13 08:15

【摘要】：麦地那工匠村是古埃及遗留下来的比较完整的村落遗址,是为王室成员修建陵墓的工匠的聚居地。因而,它是研究古埃及社会生活以及经济活动的重要突破口。本文根据已整理好的文献和考古资料为依托,进而对麦地那工匠村的经济活动进行较为系统地研究论述。据已有资料可知,国家供给的物资是麦地那工匠村居民的基本物质保障。但是这并不能满足每个人的需求。于是村中居民内部之间以及村内与村外之间皆存在着频繁活跃的经济活动。虽然当时没有货币,但是人们或采取以物易物,或以定量谷物、定额金属充当一般等价物的交换形式进行物品的买卖、租赁、借贷等活动。另外经济活动也包括人们对财产的转让和继承。同时,频繁的经济活动中也必然伴随着各种各样的经济纠纷。此时,麦地那工匠村的居民便采取管理人员调解或法庭审判的方式处理纠纷。基于此,本文将从六个方面进行研究论述：(1)麦地那工匠村的概况、(2)物品交换形式和中间人的出现、(3)买卖活动、(4)借贷与租赁活动、(5)财产继承与转让和妇女的经济活动、(6)经济纠纷与处理等。通过对以上方面的研究论述,进而总结出虽然麦地那工匠村的经济活动不能完全代表整个古埃及,但对其经济生活进行的剖析,为我们重构古埃及新王国时期的经济生活有一定的帮助。甚至能让我们一定程度上,更清晰地了解整个古埃及的经济特征和运行方式。
[Abstract]:Medina craftsman's village is a relatively complete remains of ancient Egypt, a mausoleum for the royal family to build a mausoleum craftsman's settlement. Therefore, it is an important breakthrough in the study of social life and economic activities in ancient Egypt. Based on the collected documents and archaeological data, this paper makes a systematic study on the economic activities of the craftsmen's village in Medina. According to existing data, the state supplies are the basic material security for the people of Medina craftsman village. But it doesn't satisfy everyone's needs. As a result, there are frequent and active economic activities within the village and between the village and outside the village. Although there was no currency at the time, people traded, leased, borrowed and so on in exchange for barter, or in exchange for quantitative grain and fixed metals as general equivalents. Economic activity also includes the transfer and inheritance of property. At the same time, frequent economic activities must be accompanied by a variety of economic disputes. At this point, the residents of the Medina Trades and Crafts Village settled disputes by mediation or court trial. Based on this, This paper will discuss in six aspects: (1) the general situation of the artisans village in Medina, (2) the form of exchange of goods and the emergence of middlemen, (3) the activity of buying and selling, (4) the activity of borrowing and leasing, (5) the inheritance and transfer of property and the economic activities of women, (6) the economic activities of women. To deal with disputes, etc. Through the study of the above aspects, it is concluded that although the economic activities of the craftsmen village in Medina cannot fully represent the whole of ancient Egypt, the economic life of the craftsmen's village has been analyzed. It is helpful for us to reconstruct the economic life of the new kingdom of ancient Egypt. It can even give us a clearer understanding of the economic characteristics and functioning of the entire ancient Egypt.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K411.2

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