英法在西非的非殖民化政策比较研究（1945-1965年）
发布时间：2018-08-13 18:59
【摘要】：第二次世界大战后,“非殖民化”运动浪潮开始席卷西非,对在非洲的西方殖民体系给予了严重的冲击和破坏;美苏为了争夺成为世界霸权,间接地积极推动着全球范围内的非殖民化运动;英法两国的实力在二战中严重受损,为了恢复往日的世界帝国地位和维护各自的利益,他们都非常重视殖民地的问题。正是由于上述原因,英法两国在面对西非的非殖民化问题时,采取了各具特点的政策。英法对西非的非殖民化政策,在1945-1965年间,不仅影响着西非原殖民地的经济、政治和社会各个方面,还影响着西非非殖民化进程的发展速度。因此,在西非的非殖民化问题上英法两国表现的差异较大。英国在西非的殖民地针对不同的国家地区采取了不同的政策,除了暴力政策外,在如宪政改革等方面更多地则是表现了比较温和的一面;而法国在西非的殖民地一直由“八个殖民地联盟”组成单一的行政机构统治,在不同的国家地区采取大体相同的非殖民化政策,即对其殖民地的非殖民化运动更多地采取残酷的暴力镇压政策。法国这种残酷的镇压政策,与英国相对温和的非殖民化政策,形成了鲜明的对比。本文主要分为以下几部分:首先是对法属西非毛里塔尼亚等九个国家和英属西非冈比亚等五个国家的历史殖民状况的简单概述和整理;其次是对1945-1965年英法的西非非殖民化政策的共同历史背景和英法在西非的非殖民化政策内容的概述和整理,在二战结束时英国和法国的国内经济严重受创,改变了几个世纪的以英国和法国等欧洲国家为中心的世界格局,出现了美国和苏联两极对立的新的世界格局,包括西非国家在内的非洲各国民族解放运动都达到了高潮,这些因素都成为了英国和法国在制定非殖民化政策的共同背景,并导致了在1945-1965年间英法在西非的非殖民化政策的改变,如英国在西非的宪制改革、暴力制度等和法国在西非的同化政策改革等;最后是对1945-1965年英法在西非的非殖民化政策的共同性和差异性的分析,法国和英国是西非在二战之后最大的两个殖民宗主国,这期间,英法因为自身实力的衰落和国际政治格局发生了巨大的变化,美国和苏联作为两个超级大国以及西非各国国内的民族独立解放斗争都影响着这两大殖民宗主国的非殖民化政策,他们在西非殖民地制定的非殖民化政策在本质上有很大的相同性,但他们在西非有着各自不同的殖民历史、殖民模式、殖民地政治制度和殖民经验,这都决定了各自的非殖民化政策的差异性。
[Abstract]:After the second World War, the "decolonization" movement began to engulf West Africa, seriously impacting and destroying the Western colonial system in Africa. Indirectly, they actively promoted the global decolonization movement; Britain and France were seriously damaged in World War II. In order to restore their former world empire status and safeguard their respective interests, they all attached great importance to the colonial issue. It is for these reasons that Britain and France have adopted distinctive policies in the face of decolonization in West Africa. From 1945 to 1965, the British and French decolonization policy in West Africa affected not only the economic, political and social aspects of the former colonies of West Africa, but also the pace of development of the decolonization process in West Africa. As a result, Britain and France differ greatly in decolonization in West Africa. British colonies in West Africa adopted different policies for different countries and regions, except for violent policies, such as constitutional reform and so on, which showed a more moderate side. The French colonies in West Africa have been ruled by a single executive body of the "eight colonial coalitions," and have adopted roughly the same policy of decolonization in different countries and regions. That is to say, the decolonization movement of its colonies adopted more brutal and violent policies of repression. France's brutal policy of repression contrasts sharply with Britain's relatively moderate policy of decolonization. This paper is mainly divided into the following parts: first, the historical colonial situation of nine countries such as Mauritania in French West Africa and the Gambia in British West Africa is briefly summarized and sorted out. Secondly, the common historical background of the British and French decolonization policies in West Africa from 1945 to 1965 and the contents of the British and French decolonization policies in West Africa were summarized and summarized. At the end of World War II, the domestic economies of Britain and France were seriously damaged. After changing the world pattern centered on Britain and France and other European countries for several centuries, a new world pattern characterized by the polarization between the United States and the Soviet Union has emerged, and the national liberation movements of various African countries, including those in West Africa, have reached a climax. These factors formed the common background of British and French decolonization policies and led to a change in British and French decolonization policies in West Africa between 1945 and 1965, such as the constitutional reform of Britain in West Africa. The system of violence and the reform of France's assimilation policy in West Africa; finally, an analysis of the commonality and differences of British and French decolonization policies in West Africa from 1945 to 1965. France and Britain were the two largest colonial powers in West Africa after World War II. During this period, great changes have taken place in Britain and France because of the decline of their own strength and the international political pattern. The United States and the Soviet Union, as two superpowers, and the struggle for national independence and liberation within the countries of West Africa have influenced the decolonization policies of the two colonial Powers. Their decolonization policies in West African colonies are substantially identical in nature, but they have their own different colonial histories, colonial models, colonial political systems and colonial experiences in West Africa. All this determines the differences in their decolonization policies.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K153
本文编号：2181887
[Abstract]:After the second World War, the "decolonization" movement began to engulf West Africa, seriously impacting and destroying the Western colonial system in Africa. Indirectly, they actively promoted the global decolonization movement; Britain and France were seriously damaged in World War II. In order to restore their former world empire status and safeguard their respective interests, they all attached great importance to the colonial issue. It is for these reasons that Britain and France have adopted distinctive policies in the face of decolonization in West Africa. From 1945 to 1965, the British and French decolonization policy in West Africa affected not only the economic, political and social aspects of the former colonies of West Africa, but also the pace of development of the decolonization process in West Africa. As a result, Britain and France differ greatly in decolonization in West Africa. British colonies in West Africa adopted different policies for different countries and regions, except for violent policies, such as constitutional reform and so on, which showed a more moderate side. The French colonies in West Africa have been ruled by a single executive body of the "eight colonial coalitions," and have adopted roughly the same policy of decolonization in different countries and regions. That is to say, the decolonization movement of its colonies adopted more brutal and violent policies of repression. France's brutal policy of repression contrasts sharply with Britain's relatively moderate policy of decolonization. This paper is mainly divided into the following parts: first, the historical colonial situation of nine countries such as Mauritania in French West Africa and the Gambia in British West Africa is briefly summarized and sorted out. Secondly, the common historical background of the British and French decolonization policies in West Africa from 1945 to 1965 and the contents of the British and French decolonization policies in West Africa were summarized and summarized. At the end of World War II, the domestic economies of Britain and France were seriously damaged. After changing the world pattern centered on Britain and France and other European countries for several centuries, a new world pattern characterized by the polarization between the United States and the Soviet Union has emerged, and the national liberation movements of various African countries, including those in West Africa, have reached a climax. These factors formed the common background of British and French decolonization policies and led to a change in British and French decolonization policies in West Africa between 1945 and 1965, such as the constitutional reform of Britain in West Africa. The system of violence and the reform of France's assimilation policy in West Africa; finally, an analysis of the commonality and differences of British and French decolonization policies in West Africa from 1945 to 1965. France and Britain were the two largest colonial powers in West Africa after World War II. During this period, great changes have taken place in Britain and France because of the decline of their own strength and the international political pattern. The United States and the Soviet Union, as two superpowers, and the struggle for national independence and liberation within the countries of West Africa have influenced the decolonization policies of the two colonial Powers. Their decolonization policies in West African colonies are substantially identical in nature, but they have their own different colonial histories, colonial models, colonial political systems and colonial experiences in West Africa. All this determines the differences in their decolonization policies.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K153
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