里根政府对苏政策转变原因探析

发布时间：2018-08-14 14:22

【摘要】：1984年罗纳德·里根成功连任美国总统。里根政府第一任内对苏政策强硬,同苏联张开疯狂的军备竞赛。第二任内却改变了前期政策,对苏政策趋向缓和。影响里根政府对苏政策转变的原因众多并且零碎,考察这个问题应该从美国国内、苏联和国际局势三个方面具体分析。全文分为导言和五个部分,其中第二部分、第三部分、第四部分、第五部分是文章的主要部分,第二部分和第五部分是关键。文章的开头是导言部分。第一部分简述了里根政府对苏政策转变的背景及其过程,主要从冷战大环境、里根上台初美国面临的的国内外状况两个方面来分析,政策转变是从里根政府执政前后期两个阶段分别叙述。第二部分是从美国国内因素分析里根对苏政策转变原因,主要从经济因素、政治因素以及文化因素三个方面分析。第三部分是从苏联方面分析。主要从戈尔巴乔夫改革、戈尔巴乔夫对美外交妥协两个方面来分析原因。第四部分从国际局势层面分析原因。主要是从中美关系缓和、资本主义阵营中日欧崛起、第三世界国家在世界政治中地位的提高和世界舆论对美苏的压力等方面去分析这个问题。第五部分总结了文章中提及的在里根政府对苏政策转变原因中的各种因素,从国家利益和外交政策层面对诸因素进行总结和提升。最后一部分是结语。本文选取里根政府对苏政策转变中的原因为研究对象,力求揭示影响这一政策转变的各种因素,认识各种因素所起的不同作用。在政策转变的过程中,作为内因的美国国内因素是关键性的,其中国内经济因素是根本原因,政治因素是直接原因,而文化因素起着深远和潜移默化的作用。与此同时,苏联因素和国际因素这些外在因素也不容忽视。这些因素的重要性不同,但在整个政策转变过程中缺一不可、构成一个整体,最后本文把这些因素统一于美国的国家利益,并探讨国家利益是如何作用于里根政府对苏政策转变的。对这些因素的分析,有助于加深对美国外交政策和影响国际关系因素的认识,加深对冷战的理解,更好地认识当代中美关系发展态势。
[Abstract]:Ronald Reagan was re-elected as President of the United States in 1984. The Reagan administration was tough on the Soviet Union during its first term, opening up a frantic arms race with the Soviet Union. During the second term of office, however, the previous policy was changed, and the policy towards the Soviet Union tended to ease. The reasons for the change of Reagan administration's policy toward Soviet Union are numerous and piecemeal. This problem should be analyzed from three aspects: the United States, the Soviet Union and the international situation. The full text is divided into the introduction and five parts, the second part, the third part, the fourth part, the fifth part is the main part of the article, the second part and the fifth part are the key. The article begins with an introduction. The first part briefly describes the background and process of the change of Reagan administration's policy toward the Soviet Union, mainly from two aspects: the Cold War environment and the domestic and foreign situation facing the United States in the early days of Reagan's coming to power. The policy change is described separately from the two stages of the Reagan administration before and after the administration. The second part is to analyze the reason of Reagan's policy change to Soviet Union from American internal factors, mainly from three aspects: economic factor, political factor and cultural factor. The third part is from the Soviet Union. Mainly from the Gorbachev reform, Gorbachev to the U. S. diplomatic compromise two aspects to analyze the reasons. The fourth part analyzes the reasons from the level of international situation. It is mainly about the relaxation of Sino-US relations, the rise of China, Japan and Europe in the capitalist camp, the improvement of the status of the third world countries in world politics and the pressure of world public opinion on the United States and the Soviet Union. The fifth part summarizes the factors mentioned in the article in the transformation of Reagan Administration's policy toward Soviet Union, and summarizes and promotes them from the aspects of national interest and foreign policy. The last part is the conclusion. In this paper, the reasons of Reagan Administration's policy transformation on Soviet Union are chosen as the research object, and the author tries to reveal the various factors that influence the policy change, and to understand the different functions of various factors. In the process of policy change, the internal factor is the key factor, among which the domestic economic factor is the fundamental cause, the political factor is the direct reason, and the cultural factor plays a profound and subtle role. At the same time, the Soviet Union and international factors such as external factors can not be ignored. These factors are different in importance, but they are indispensable in the whole process of policy transformation, forming a whole. Finally, this paper unifies these factors in the national interest of the United States. It also discusses how the national interest acted on the transformation of Reagan administration's policy toward the Soviet Union. The analysis of these factors will help to deepen the understanding of American foreign policy and the factors influencing international relations, deepen the understanding of the Cold War, and better understand the development trend of contemporary Sino-US relations.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K153

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