第二次世界大战与战后世界发展模式转换

发布时间：2018-08-16 11:29

【摘要】：第二次世界大战作为一场总体战,对战后世界历史进程产生了广泛而持久的影响,其表现之一就是它促进和促成了世界发展模式由战前征服和掠夺的侵略发展模式向战后世界平等、共存和共赢的和平发展模式的转换。近代以来,领土征服和掠夺的侵略发展模式是西方世界占支配地位的发展模式,正是这种发展模式促成了“西方的兴起”,并造成了西方世界和非西方世界在世界政治经济中的中心-边缘地位。然而,随着工业革命带来的国际社会各个层面的变革,这种侵略发展模式在19世纪末20世纪初达到顶峰的同时,也开始走向衰落。侵略发展模式的兴起和持续是近代以来世界战争和冲突不断的根源,其本身的暴力性、封闭性特征造就了20世纪的两次世界大战。至第一次世界大战爆发,资本主义侵略发展模式盛极而衰,一战的遗产从很多方面开始削弱侵略发展模式在国际政治中的存在,但是这种削弱是有一定限度的,并未能使得国际社会彻底否认、摒弃以侵略求发展的政策模式,殖民扩张、帝国建设与经济繁荣之间存在密切联系的观念依旧存在市场,战争依然被一些国家视为谋求本国经济发展、社会进步的政策工具。第二次世界大战的爆发是30年代一些国家坚持和追求侵略发展模式的结果。二战留给战后国际社会的遗产在一战的基础上进一步削弱了侵略发展模式在世界政治经济中的存在,促成了世界发展模式向和平发展的转换。二战给战后世界留下了丰富的遗产,在文中作者结合论文主旨,主要探讨了推进世界发展模式转换的重要的积极遗产,并把它们分为两类：一类是二战期间盟国在反思二战爆发根源的基础上进行的主观意义上的战后规划。如废除殖民主义制度、建设稳定开放的国际金融贸易秩序、施行社会保障、构建有效的集体安全机制等。这些努力为战后世界和平发展模式的形成发展创造了政治、经济和社会基础；二是第二次世界大战留给世界的客观意义上的遗产,如各领域的多边国际制度的建立和健全、战后普遍出现的福利国家建设、战后科学技术的变革以及战争经历引起的战争观、发展观的变迁等。二战的这些积极遗产在战后使得和平发展成为日益占据主导地位的世界发展模式。战后世界和平发展模式的形成和在越来越广的范围内得到认可的事实对战后世界历史进程产生了深远影响。它促进了时代主题的改变,确保了战后世界整体和平的出现,也带来了人类社会财富的极大繁荣,以和平而非战争、征服的方式把世界日益联为一紧密的整体。但在全球化时代的今天,当前的世界发展模式也并非尽善尽美,虽然它较侵略发展模式有相当进步性,如它是建立在和平的基础上,以和平的方式求发展,但这种发展是一种不均衡的发展。由于世界经济游戏规则的不合理因素,世界发展的成果并未能实现合理的共享,国家之间贫富差距日益拉大,任其发展下去最终会危及到世界的整体和平和发展,因而这种和平发展模式下的和平和发展并不具有可持续性。如何改善当下世界的和平发展模式,使其向共存、共荣的方向前进便成为国际社会的重大关切之一。战后,坚持走社会主义道路的中国政府和人民看到了时代主题转变的历史方向,坚持发展中的和平主义,从“和平共处五项原则”到“和平与发展”时代主题,从“和平发展”到“和谐世界”,丰富和发展了世界和平发展的理论和理念,并在实践中,结合本国国情成功走出了一条有中国特色的和平发展之路。
[Abstract]:As a general war, the Second World War exerted a broad and lasting influence on the post-war world history. One of its manifestations is that it promoted and facilitated the transformation of the world development model from the aggressive development model of pre-war conquest and plunder to the peaceful development model of post-war world equality, coexistence and win-win situation.
In modern times, the aggressive development model of territorial conquest and plunder is the dominant development model of the western world. It is this development model that contributed to the "rise of the West" and created the central-marginal position of the western world and the non-Western world in world politics and economy. At the same time, this pattern of aggressive development reached its peak in the late 19th century and the early 20th century, and began to decline.
The rise and persistence of the mode of aggressive development is the source of the world wars and conflicts since modern times. Its own violence and closeness have created two world wars in the 20th century. But there are limits to this weakening in international politics, which has not led the international community to completely deny that there is still a market for abandoning the policy model of aggression for development, colonial expansion, the close link between imperial construction and economic prosperity, and that wars are still seen by some countries as pursuing their own economic development. Policy tools for social progress.
The outbreak of World War II was the result of the persistence and pursuit of the aggressive development model by some countries in the 1930s. The legacy of World War II to the post-war international community further weakened the existence of the aggressive development model in world politics and economy on the basis of World War I, and promoted the transformation of the world development model to peaceful development. In this paper, the author mainly discusses the important positive heritage of promoting the transformation of the world development model, and divides them into two categories: one is the subjective postwar planning carried out by the Allies during the Second World War on the basis of reflecting on the origin of the outbreak of the Second World War, such as abolishing the colonial system and building stability. These efforts have created political, economic and social foundations for the formation and development of the post-war world peaceful development model. The second is the objective legacy of the Second World War, such as the establishment of multilateral international systems in various fields. These positive legacies of the Second World War have made peaceful development an increasingly dominant mode of world development.
The formation of the model of world peace and development after the war and the fact that it has been accepted in a wider and wider scope have exerted a far-reaching influence on the process of world history after the war. It has promoted the change of the theme of the times, ensured the emergence of the whole world peace after the war, and also brought about the great prosperity of the wealth of human society, in a way of peace rather than war and conquest. The world is increasingly united as a whole. But today, in the era of globalization, the current world development model is not perfect. Although it is quite progressive compared with the aggressive development model, for example, it is based on peace and seeks development in a peaceful way, it is an unbalanced development. The unreasonable factors of the play rules, the unreasonable sharing of the achievements of world development, the widening gap between the rich and the poor among countries, and any development of the play will ultimately endanger the overall peace and development of the world. Therefore, the peace and development under this model of peaceful development are not sustainable. How to improve the peaceful development of the present world It has become one of the major concerns of the international community to make it progress in the direction of coexistence and common prosperity.
After the war, the Chinese government and people who insisted on the socialist road saw the historical direction of the change of the theme of the times, adhered to the pacifism in development, from the "Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence" to the "Peace and Development" theme of the times, and from "Peaceful Development" to "Harmonious World", enriched and developed the theories and concepts of world peace and development. And in practice, combined with its own national conditions, we have successfully embark on a road of peaceful development with Chinese characteristics.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K152;K153

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