战后初期英美对日政策的分歧与协调（1945-1951）
发布时间：2018-08-16 11:27
【摘要】： 二战完全改变了国际政治与世界战略格局,欧洲作为国际体系的中心彻底崩溃,代之而起的是美苏两强对峙的新格局。作为与法西斯作战的主要盟国,英美都参与了战后对德对日军事占领。但是与盟军对德国的分区占领不同的是,日本由美国单独控制,驻日盟军总司令麦克阿瑟成为日本人的太上皇。囿于自己的经济实力,英国无力挑战美国的主导地位。但是在日本问题上仍然有自己的利益和独立的对日政策。 在整个日本占领期间,英美对日政策随着形势的变化也不断调整。美国由最初的严厉打击日本转向扶植日本经济、重新武装日本;英国由主张日本非军事化转向允许日本有限防务,由鼓励日本经济复兴转向限制日本经济。不论双方政策如何转变,在占领期间,英美之间的分歧和协调一直贯穿始终。 全文由三部分构成。第一部分主要论述了占领初期(1945年-1947年)英美对日政策的分歧与协调,其中包括英美在战争期间的对日政策尝试,战后初期英美对日指导原则和政策。两国在占领的主导权、对日经济政策、赔偿问题、对日和约问题上都出现了分歧。第二部分论述了形势的转变和英美对日政策的调整(1947年-1951年)。冷战后,美国扶植日本,将日本的出口贸易引向东南亚,考虑到自己的经济利益,英国表示反对。对于日本的安全问题,英国表示支持日美防卫协定。第三部分论述了在对日媾和问题上的《英美共同方案》。
[Abstract]:The second World War completely changed the international politics and the world strategic pattern, Europe as the center of the international system completely collapsed, and replaced it with a new pattern of confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. As a major ally in the fight against fascism, Britain and the United States participated in the postwar German military occupation of Japan. But in contrast to the Allied occupation of Germany, Japan was controlled by the United States alone, and MacArthur, commander in chief of the Allied Forces in Japan, became the Japanese overlord. Because of its economic might, Britain was unable to challenge America's dominance. But it still has its own interests and independent policy toward Japan. During the whole period of Japanese occupation, the British and American policy to Japan was adjusted with the change of the situation. The United States shifted from the initial crackdown on Japan to support the Japanese economy and rearm Japan; Britain moved from advocating demilitarization to allowing Japan's limited defence and from encouraging Japan's economic revival to restricting its economy. No matter how the policies of both sides changed, the differences and coordination between the US and Britain continued throughout the occupation period. The full text consists of three parts. The first part mainly discusses the differences and coordination of Anglo-American policy toward Japan in the early period of occupation (1945-1947), including the attempt of Anglo-American policy towards Japan during the war, and the guiding principles and policies of Anglo-American towards Japan in the early postwar period. The two countries are divided over occupation, economic policy, compensation, and the peace treaty. The second part discusses the change of situation and the adjustment of Anglo-American policy to Japan (1947-1951). After the Cold War, the United States nurtured Japan and led Japan's export trade to Southeast Asia. In view of its economic interests, Britain objected. On Japan's security issues, Britain expressed support for the Japanese-US Defense Agreement. The third part discusses the Anglo-American common plan on making peace with Japan.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K153
本文编号：2185848
[Abstract]:The second World War completely changed the international politics and the world strategic pattern, Europe as the center of the international system completely collapsed, and replaced it with a new pattern of confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. As a major ally in the fight against fascism, Britain and the United States participated in the postwar German military occupation of Japan. But in contrast to the Allied occupation of Germany, Japan was controlled by the United States alone, and MacArthur, commander in chief of the Allied Forces in Japan, became the Japanese overlord. Because of its economic might, Britain was unable to challenge America's dominance. But it still has its own interests and independent policy toward Japan. During the whole period of Japanese occupation, the British and American policy to Japan was adjusted with the change of the situation. The United States shifted from the initial crackdown on Japan to support the Japanese economy and rearm Japan; Britain moved from advocating demilitarization to allowing Japan's limited defence and from encouraging Japan's economic revival to restricting its economy. No matter how the policies of both sides changed, the differences and coordination between the US and Britain continued throughout the occupation period. The full text consists of three parts. The first part mainly discusses the differences and coordination of Anglo-American policy toward Japan in the early period of occupation (1945-1947), including the attempt of Anglo-American policy towards Japan during the war, and the guiding principles and policies of Anglo-American towards Japan in the early postwar period. The two countries are divided over occupation, economic policy, compensation, and the peace treaty. The second part discusses the change of situation and the adjustment of Anglo-American policy to Japan (1947-1951). After the Cold War, the United States nurtured Japan and led Japan's export trade to Southeast Asia. In view of its economic interests, Britain objected. On Japan's security issues, Britain expressed support for the Japanese-US Defense Agreement. The third part discusses the Anglo-American common plan on making peace with Japan.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K153
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 臧扬勤;盟国在日财产处理问题研究[D];暨南大学;2010年
，本文编号：2185848
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