19世纪后期美国西部租佃制研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 17:46

【摘要】：19世纪末,美国西部农业租佃制大为发展。危机来临,把土地抵押出去的农场主们无力还贷,许多抵押制农场破产,农场的所有权发生转移,转变为租佃制农场;同时,许多大农场同样因无法经营而解体,从而被分割成众多小块农场租佃出去,也转变为租佃制农场。美国西部的土地租佃的比率因此大为增加。抵押农场受控于抵押资本集团,也就是垄断金融集团;而大农场则直接从属于金融集团,其解体并非因金融集团的破产,而是金融集团在大农场无法经营的情况下,为了保证从土地获得的利润,改变一下获利的方式而已。所以西部租佃制的大发展,主要是垄断金融集团作用的结果。然而,作为商品经济的农业,生产资料的购买和产品的销售不得不通过市场,因而,农场主们不得不接受铁路、农资等垄断集团的共同盘剥。这些都导致了农场经营的困难和租佃制大行其道。因此,租佃制的大发展是以金融为主的垄断力量共同作用的结果。而“美国式道路”则是在金融资本控制下,租佃制与大农场制的形成过程,其核心是金融资本的控制。农业在美国工业发展和美国资本主义向垄断阶段的过渡过程中贡献了巨大的力量,然而农场主集团却并没有得到相应的回报,而是为此忍受着各种垄断集团盘剥的苦痛,做出了巨大牺牲。因此,“美国式道路”并不代表农民(农场主)的幸福生活,相比较“普鲁士道路”而言,“美国式道路”中的农民忍受的痛苦并没有减少太多。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19 th century, the western American agricultural tenancy system developed greatly. As the crisis approached, the farmers who mortgaged the land were unable to repay their loans, many of the mortgage farms went bankrupt, and the ownership of the farms was transferred to tenancy farms; at the same time, many large farms also collapsed because they could not operate. As a result, it was divided into a large number of small farms tenancy out, also converted to tenancy farms. The rate of land tenancy in the western United States has thus increased significantly. The mortgage farm is controlled by the mortgage capital group, that is, the monopoly financial group, while the large farm is directly subordinate to the financial group, which disintegrates not because of the bankruptcy of the financial group, but when the financial group is unable to operate on the large farm. In order to guarantee the profit from the land, change the way of profit. So the great development of the tenancy system in the west is mainly the result of the monopolistic financial group. However, as a commodity economy of agriculture, the purchase of means of production and the sale of products have to go through the market, so farmers have to accept the common exploitation of monopoly groups such as railways, agricultural materials and so on. All this led to difficulties in farm management and the popularity of tenancy systems. Therefore, the great development of tenancy system is the result of the common action of monopolistic forces based on finance. Under the control of financial capital, the "American way" is the forming process of tenancy system and large farm system, the core of which is the control of financial capital. Agriculture has contributed a great deal to the industrial development of the United States and the transition of American capitalism to monopoly, but the farmers' group has not received a corresponding return, but has endured the pain of exploitation by various monopoly groups. Great sacrifices were made. Therefore, the American road does not represent the happy life of farmers, compared with the Prussian road, the farmers in the "American road" does not suffer much less.
【学位授予单位】：苏州科技学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2010
【分类号】：K712

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