关于斯基泰历史研究的几个问题

发布时间：2018-08-18 17:23

【摘要】： 斯基泰人(Scythians),又译成西徐亚人,是上古时期生活在南俄草原的一支操伊朗语的游牧民族。公元前8世纪,斯基泰人随民族迁徙进入南俄,公元前7世纪,斯基泰人通过一系列对外扩张活动,发展成为南俄一股强大的政治力量,最终建立强大的游牧帝国。作为一个民族,斯基泰人是早期铁器时代典型的游牧民族,它的文化较典型、成熟,为以后的游牧文化提供了一定的范式;作为一个国家,斯基泰王国通过扩张和交往,在当时的欧亚民族中扮演了重要的角色;作为一种文明,斯基泰文明代表游牧文明发展的最高水平,以为世界文明做出了不可磨灭的历史贡献。因此,斯基泰人无论在纵向还是横向上,即在上古时期的游牧民族历史上还是上古时期的南俄草原及黑海地区,都具有重要的历史地位。研究斯基泰文化有助于我们了解游牧文化成因、游牧民族文化的本质和特征,进而可以了解到诸草原游牧文化之间的相互关系,尤其是文化上的传承、种族的更替等。不仅如此,研究斯基泰人的国家有助于我们研究游牧社会政治、经济自身的特点和复杂的特性,进一步理解游牧文明对世界文明的贡献、游牧文明与农耕文明交往过程中自身的发展趋势等问题。本文主要由引言、正文和结语三部分组成。引言部分,阐述斯基泰研究的历史意义,介绍国内外学术界研究的现状和已解决的问题,指出本文所研究的对象和问题以及研究的方法。正文部分第一章,重在界定斯基泰人的涵义,探讨斯基泰人的起源,明确本文研究的对象是狭义斯基泰人这个概念。第二章,主要介绍斯基泰王国兴亡的历史过程,探讨游牧国家历史发展、终结的必然规律。第三章,是本文的重点所在,主要探讨斯基泰王国内部的结构。通过对斯基泰王国的政治、经济和社会习俗的描述,指出斯基泰王国经历了从军事民主制到奴隶制的转变过程,从游牧到定居经商的转变过程。第四章,则主要论述了亡国后的斯基泰人的流散,介绍了斯基泰人流散所产生的影响,探讨游牧世界在历史发展过程中自身发展的趋势。结语部分,从民族、国家、文明三个层面对斯基泰人的历史地位作了总结。
[Abstract]:The Skeetai, (Scythians), is an Iranian-speaking nomad living in the southern Russian grassland in ancient times. In the 8th century B.C., the Skeitans migrated to South Russia with the national migration. In the 7th century BC, the Skeitans developed into a powerful political force through a series of external expansion activities, and finally established a strong nomadic empire. As a nation, the Skeetai were typical nomads of the early Iron Age, whose culture was typical and mature, which provided a certain paradigm for the later nomadic culture. As a country, the Kingdom of Skietai expanded and interacted with each other. As a kind of civilization, Skeetai civilization represented the highest level of the development of nomadic civilization and made indelible contribution to the world civilization. Therefore, both vertical and horizontal, both in the history of nomadic peoples in the ancient period, in the southern Russia steppe and in the Black Sea region of the ancient period, the Skeetai people have an important historical position. It is helpful to understand the causes of nomadic culture, the essence and characteristics of nomadic culture, and the relationship between nomadic culture of grasslands, especially the inheritance of culture and the change of race. Not only that, the study of the country of the Scots will help us to study the characteristics and complex characteristics of nomadic society, politics and economy, and to further understand the contribution of nomadic civilization to world civilization. The development trend of nomadic civilization and farming civilization. This paper consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion. In the preface, the author expounds the historical significance of Skeetai's research, introduces the present situation of academic research at home and abroad and the problems that have been solved, and points out the object, problems and research methods of this paper. The first chapter of the text focuses on defining the meaning of the Skeeitans, exploring the origin of the Skitans, and making it clear that the object of this study is the narrow concept of the Skeitans. The second chapter mainly introduces the historical process of the rise and fall of the Kingdom of Ski Tai, and probes into the inevitable law of the historical development and the end of nomadic countries. The third chapter is the focus of this paper, mainly discusses the internal structure of the Kingdom of Ski Tai. Through the description of the political, economic and social customs of the Kingdom of Sitay, it was pointed out that the Kingdom had undergone a transition from military democracy to slavery and from nomadic to settled business. In the fourth chapter, the author mainly discusses the exile of the Skeitans after the subjugation, introduces the influence of the exodus, and probes into the tendency of the nomadic world's own development in the course of historical development. The conclusion part summarizes the historical status of the Skitans from the three aspects of nationality, state and civilization.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K512

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