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1066-1290期间英国血祭诽谤产生的原因

发布时间:2018-08-21 08:43
【摘要】:目前,国内对英国犹太人的研究主要关注的是中世纪欧洲的反犹主义,但作为中世纪反犹主义现象之一的血祭诽谤(从某种意义上说,是中世纪欧洲最典型、最有影响力的反犹主义现象之一),,国内对此研究甚少。血祭诽谤是对犹太人的一项错误指控,其控告犹太人谋杀基督教儿童以获得他们的血用作各种药用目的、准备逾越节的无酵饼或为复仇及嘲笑耶稣的钉死(阿兰299)。作为中世纪基督教反犹主义现象的血祭诽谤,深刻地影响着当今世界的其他民族对犹太民族的认识。 本文旨在从四个方面来揭示1066-1290期间英国发生血祭诽谤的复杂原因,即血祭诽谤是由中世纪基督徒与犹太人之间的宗教、文化、经济和政治方面的冲突造成的。第一章从宗教角度切入,因基督徒和犹太人对教义的不同理解而导致双方的敌对情绪。第二章论述犹太人独特的生活习惯导致基督徒的妄加猜测,并且基督徒广泛传播诋毁犹太人的宗教传说,致使基督徒和犹太人之间产生恐惧心理。第三章从经济角度来看,因犹太人没有社会地位而无选择权,基督徒又不被准许从事借贷业,因此借贷业这一“罪恶”的职业只有犹太人来承担,加上犹太人对基督徒和本民族的双重经济标准,不可避免地导致基督徒的嫉妒和憎恨。第四章从政治角度来论述,中世纪的欧洲实际上是罗马天主教当政,而犹太人没有任何政治地位,结果只能被看做社会的替罪羔羊。综上所述,血祭诽谤现象的产生始于基督教与犹太教的对抗,随之而来的是基督教传说对犹太人的“妖魔化”传播,这一传播自然导致了犹太人不被社会所接纳而只能从事放贷业这一“罪恶”行当,加上中世纪的英国政府为保护自身利益而选择牺牲犹太人。 笔者认为对1066-1290期间英国血祭诽谤事件的透彻了解,是对中世纪普遍发生在其他欧洲国家的血祭诽谤事件以及反犹屠杀提供参考资料。由于血祭诽谤传说的影响仍然以更加隐晦的方式存在于现代西方世界,因此笔者相信对血祭诽谤发生之原因的研究对于理解和研究中世纪以来的西方文学、文化中的反犹主义根源及其影响有一定的帮助。
[Abstract]:At present, the domestic research on the British Jews is mainly concerned with the anti-Semitism in medieval Europe, but as one of the anti-Semitism phenomena in medieval Europe (in a sense, is one of the most typical and influential anti-Semitism phenomena in medieval Europe), the domestic research on this is very little. It accuses Jews of murdering Christian children to obtain their blood for various medicinal purposes, preparing Passover unleavened cakes, or of the death of Jesus in revenge and ridicule (Alan 299). As a medieval Christian anti-Semitism, the slander of blood sacrifices profoundly affects the Jewish people of other peoples in the world today. Know.
The purpose of this paper is to reveal the complex causes of the slander of blood sacrifices in Britain during 1066-1290 from four aspects, that is, the slander of blood sacrifices was caused by the religious, cultural, economic and political conflicts between Christians and Jews in the Middle Ages. Chapter 2 deals with Jews'unique living habits which lead to Christian speculation and widespread Christian belief in Jews, resulting in fear between Christians and Jews. Lending was allowed to engage in the lending industry, so the "evil" occupation of the lending industry was undertaken only by the Jews, which inevitably led to the jealousy and hatred of Christians by the double economic standards of the Jews toward Christians and their own people. Chapter IV argues from a political point of view that medieval Europe was in fact Roman Catholicism, while Jews were in power. All in all, the slander of blood sacrifices began with the confrontation between Christianity and Judaism, followed by the spread of the demonization of Christian legends to Jews, which naturally led to Jews not being accepted by society but only engaging in lending. A "evil" business, plus the medieval British government, chose to sacrifice the Jews to protect their own interests.
The author believes that a thorough understanding of the slander of blood sacrifices in Britain during the period of 1066-1290 is a reference for the slander of blood sacrifices and the anti-Semitic massacres that prevailed in other European countries in the Middle Ages. The study of the causes of libel is helpful to understand and study the origin and influence of anti-Semitism in Western literature and culture since the Middle Ages.
【学位授予单位】:四川外国语大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2014
【分类号】:K561

【参考文献】

相关期刊论文 前1条

1 乔国强;从《雾都孤儿》看狄更斯的反犹主义倾向[J];外国文学研究;2004年02期



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