简论1904年英法协约的形成与影响

发布时间：2018-08-27 09:15

【摘要】： 1904年的英法协约是近代英法关系的一个重要转折点，它开启了英法关系的新时代，对欧洲和世界都产生了重大的影响。本文力求在历史唯物主义的指导下，对1904年的英法协约进行深入的研究和探讨。全文共分为三章：第一章主要论述了英法协约形成的背景、原因。回溯历史，从英法百年恩仇，到英法百年争霸，再到持续的英法海外争夺，英法两国一直处于敌对和竞争的状态中。然而，19世纪末20世纪初，法国逐渐地感到只有取得英国的支持，才能进一步在海外进行殖民扩张，英国也渐渐认识到可以先与法国达成谅解，进而再把英法谅解作为英俄谅解的阶石，从而解除长期以来俄国对英属印度的威胁。英法两国外交政策的转变为英法协约的形成提供了可能。第二章主要阐述了英法协约谈判的具体过程。1903年7月，英法两国外长的愉快谈话成为英法协约谈判的开始，然而接下来，英法之间的谈判是艰难的、漫长的。谈判的焦点主要集中在三个问题上：摩洛哥、埃及和纽芬兰的捕鱼权，英法两国在这三个问题上矛盾重重、斗争激烈，谈判一波三折，英国外交大臣兰斯多恩甚至以中止谈判威胁法国。英国的强硬态度最终迫使法国作出让步，英法谈判于1904年4月8日取得成功，英法协约得以形成。第三章主要分析了英法协约对英法等欧洲大国关系产生的重大影响。英法协约形成之后，德国于1905、1911年制造了两次摩洛哥危机，试图借摩洛哥问题削弱英法关系。结果，英法关系不但没有被削弱，反而逐渐地向军事同盟关系靠近，英法协约也逐渐成为英国外交政策的核心，成为英国限制德国、改善英俄关系、保持欧洲和平的重要手段。英法协约对英国来说意义重大，当1914年的萨拉热窝事件引发了又一次战争危机，欧洲的和平即将逝去的时候，英国为了保持英法协约，，以避免战后陷入孤立，宣布对德作战，加入到第一次世界大战之中。
[Abstract]:The Anglo-French Treaty of 1904 was an important turning point in modern Anglo-French relations. It opened a new era of Anglo-French relations and had a great impact on Europe and the world. Under the guidance of historical materialism, this paper makes an in-depth study and discussion on the British and French treaties of 1904. The thesis is divided into three chapters: the first chapter mainly discusses the background and reasons of the formation of the treaty. Looking back on history, Britain and France have been in a state of hostility and competition from a hundred years of grudges to a hundred years of hegemony between Britain and France, and to the continued struggle between Britain and France overseas. However, at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, France gradually felt that only with the support of Britain could it further colonize and expand abroad, and Britain gradually realized that it was possible to reach an understanding with France first. Then, the British-French understanding was regarded as the stepping stone of the British-Russian understanding, thus relieving the Russian threat to British India for a long time. The transformation of the foreign policy of Britain and France provides the possibility for the formation of the treaty between Britain and France. The second chapter mainly expounds the concrete process of the treaty negotiation between Britain and France. In July 1903, the pleasant talks between the British and French foreign ministers became the beginning of the treaty negotiations. However, the negotiations between Britain and France were difficult and long. The main focus of the negotiations was on three issues: the fishing rights of Morocco, Egypt and Newfoundland. The British and French countries were full of contradictions and fierce struggles on these three issues, and the negotiations were full of twists and turns. British Foreign Secretary Lance Dorne even threatened France by suspending negotiations. Britain's tough attitude eventually forced France to make concessions, and the Anglo-French treaty was formed on April 8, 1904. The third chapter mainly analyzes the great influence of the treaty between Britain and France on the relations between Britain and France. After the formation of the Anglo-French Treaty, Germany created two Moroccan crises in 1905 and 1911 in an attempt to weaken Anglo-French relations on the basis of Morocco. As a result, the relationship between Britain and France was not weakened, but gradually moved closer to the military alliance. The treaty between Britain and France gradually became the core of British foreign policy, and became an important means for Britain to restrict Germany, improve the relationship between Britain and Russia, and maintain peace in Europe. The British-French Compact is of great significance to Britain. When the Sarajevo incident in 1914 triggered another war crisis and the peace in Europe was about to die, Britain declared war against Germany in order to maintain the Anglo-French Compact in order to avoid being isolated after the war. Join the first World War.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：K504

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