法国第二帝国时期巴黎下层社会的研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 09:34
【摘要】：巴黎,这座遐迩闻名的历史名城及现代化国际大都市,以它独有的、非凡的城市建设规划的艺术魅力在世界城市建设史中占有极其重要的地位,为人类文明史书写了光辉灿烂的一页,成为世界大都市中一颗璀璨的明珠。翻开历史的巨卷,一个两千多年以前以西岱岛为中心,占地面积仅为0.5平方千米的小渔村,经过世世代代的兴亡盛衰、繁衍发展,最终成为一座现代化大都市。沧海桑田,斗转星移,巴黎城市历史的沿革和变迁以及她的建设和发展为人类现代大都市的规划、建设和发展提供了全面的思考、借鉴和经验。19世纪中叶,随着拿破仑三世执政的第二帝国的建立,在奥斯曼引导的城市改造运动中,巴黎经历了重大的变化,城市化进程显著加快,大量的农村劳动力涌入城市,铁路运输系统逐步完善。巴黎在此期间经历了它历史上最大的变化。本文选取“下层社会”的角度,作为一种社会研究的方法,以自下而上的史观去探究19世纪第二帝国巴黎城市化进程最快时期的社会现象,揭示社会转型背后的现实、社会结构的转变以及社会阶级之间冲突的真正原因。第一章介绍了第二帝国时期巴黎的历史背景,详细介绍了第二帝国时期交通运输业、农业的发展状况。银行体制改革也是第二帝国时期经济变革的重大标志。巴黎作为法国首都也必然受到了工业革命深远的影响。奥斯曼所领导的巴黎改造运动都是这一时期重大的历史事件,对整个巴黎的发展有着重大的意义。第二章从社会学、政治学角度分析了法国大革命后法国社会从传统型向现代型的结构转变问题。笔者认为现代社会结构突出的特征是开放性、流动性以及社会成员的水平流动和垂直流动的空间显著提升。各种不同的社会群体和成员依据新的社会标准、权力、财富、声望和职业等确立自己的地位及与其他社会群体、成员的关系,由此建立新的社会结构的框架。第三章重点刻画了巴黎下层民众的日常生活,笔者探讨了帝国时期巴黎下层民众的住宅情况,下层阶级妇女状况以及他们的日常交往,最后探究了商品化的“景观和休闲”对下层民众的影响。第四章重点阐述了巴黎下层社会与上层社会矛盾加剧与割裂的情况。社会思潮的冲突日益显著,经济分化日趋严重,新闻控管日趋紧张,下层阶级在艺术作品中的表达以及分析了下层阶级与上层阶级社会心态的不同。
[Abstract]:Paris, a famous historic city and a modern international metropolis, occupies an extremely important position in the history of world urban construction with its unique, extraordinary artistic charm of urban construction planning. Wrote a brilliant page for the history of human civilization, becoming a bright pearl in the world metropolis. Turning over the huge volume of history, a small fishing village with a small fishing village covering an area of only 0.5 square kilometers, which was centered more than 2,000 years ago on the island of Xidai, has become a modern metropolis after generations of rise and fall, prosperity and decline, and prosperity and development. The history and changes of Paris city and its construction and development have provided comprehensive thinking for the planning, construction and development of modern metropolis, drawing lessons from and experiences in the middle of the 19th century. With the establishment of the second Empire under Napoleon III, Paris underwent major changes in the Ottoman-led urban transformation movement, the process of urbanization accelerated significantly, and a large number of rural laborers poured into the city. The railway transportation system was gradually improved. Paris experienced the greatest change in its history during this period. From the perspective of "lower society", as a method of social research, this paper explores the social phenomena in the fastest period of the urbanization process of Paris in the second Reich in the 19th century, and reveals the reality behind the social transformation with the view of history from the bottom to the top. The transformation of social structure and the real cause of social class conflict. The first chapter introduces the historical background of Paris in the second Reich period and the development of transportation and agriculture in the second Reich period. The reform of the banking system was also a major symbol of economic change in the second Reich. Paris, as the capital of France, must have been deeply influenced by the Industrial Revolution. The transformation movement of Paris led by Ottoman is an important historical event of this period, which is of great significance to the development of the whole Paris. The second chapter analyzes the transformation of the French society from traditional to modern from the angle of sociology and political science. The author thinks that the prominent features of modern social structure are openness, mobility and the space of horizontal and vertical mobility of social members. Various social groups and members establish their own status and relations with other social groups and members according to the new social standards, power, wealth, prestige and occupation, thus establishing the framework of new social structure. The third chapter focuses on depicting the daily life of the lower class in Paris. The author discusses the housing situation of the lower class of Paris during the imperial period, the situation of women in the lower class and their daily contact. Finally, it explores the impact of commercialized landscape and leisure on the lower class. Chapter four focuses on the intensification and division of the contradiction between the lower and upper classes of Paris. The conflict of social trend of thought is becoming more and more obvious, the economic differentiation is becoming more and more serious, the control of news is becoming more and more tense, the expression of the lower class in the works of art and the difference of the social mentality between the lower class and the upper class are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K565.4
，
本文编号：2206873
[Abstract]:Paris, a famous historic city and a modern international metropolis, occupies an extremely important position in the history of world urban construction with its unique, extraordinary artistic charm of urban construction planning. Wrote a brilliant page for the history of human civilization, becoming a bright pearl in the world metropolis. Turning over the huge volume of history, a small fishing village with a small fishing village covering an area of only 0.5 square kilometers, which was centered more than 2,000 years ago on the island of Xidai, has become a modern metropolis after generations of rise and fall, prosperity and decline, and prosperity and development. The history and changes of Paris city and its construction and development have provided comprehensive thinking for the planning, construction and development of modern metropolis, drawing lessons from and experiences in the middle of the 19th century. With the establishment of the second Empire under Napoleon III, Paris underwent major changes in the Ottoman-led urban transformation movement, the process of urbanization accelerated significantly, and a large number of rural laborers poured into the city. The railway transportation system was gradually improved. Paris experienced the greatest change in its history during this period. From the perspective of "lower society", as a method of social research, this paper explores the social phenomena in the fastest period of the urbanization process of Paris in the second Reich in the 19th century, and reveals the reality behind the social transformation with the view of history from the bottom to the top. The transformation of social structure and the real cause of social class conflict. The first chapter introduces the historical background of Paris in the second Reich period and the development of transportation and agriculture in the second Reich period. The reform of the banking system was also a major symbol of economic change in the second Reich. Paris, as the capital of France, must have been deeply influenced by the Industrial Revolution. The transformation movement of Paris led by Ottoman is an important historical event of this period, which is of great significance to the development of the whole Paris. The second chapter analyzes the transformation of the French society from traditional to modern from the angle of sociology and political science. The author thinks that the prominent features of modern social structure are openness, mobility and the space of horizontal and vertical mobility of social members. Various social groups and members establish their own status and relations with other social groups and members according to the new social standards, power, wealth, prestige and occupation, thus establishing the framework of new social structure. The third chapter focuses on depicting the daily life of the lower class in Paris. The author discusses the housing situation of the lower class of Paris during the imperial period, the situation of women in the lower class and their daily contact. Finally, it explores the impact of commercialized landscape and leisure on the lower class. Chapter four focuses on the intensification and division of the contradiction between the lower and upper classes of Paris. The conflict of social trend of thought is becoming more and more obvious, the economic differentiation is becoming more and more serious, the control of news is becoming more and more tense, the expression of the lower class in the works of art and the difference of the social mentality between the lower class and the upper class are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：K565.4
，
本文编号：2206873
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