第二次世界大战期间爱尔兰中立政策研究
发布时间：2018-08-27 13:33
【摘要】： 在爱尔兰“年轻”的外交史中,爱尔兰在二战时期实行的中立外交具有重要的地位,并对二战后的外交政策产生了深远的影响。爱尔兰在二战时期的中立是在特定的历史环境下由一系列原因造成的,作为一个海洋国家、一个英联邦成员国、一个与英国关系如此密切的国家,它在二战时期的中立具有明显不同于其它国家之处,它的背景原因、中立政策和战争中的地位变化均有自己的特色。 本文试图将小国外交放到一个宏观的历史背景下,通过对二战进程的演变及大国战略目标的变化的阐述,理解这样一个地缘战略位置极其重要但又国微势弱的中立国在面对战争及动乱时,如何在大国的夹缝中求生存、图自保。从而一方面,可以在较宏观地理解二战全景的同时,更深刻地理解战争中的中立及中立外交;另一方面,在给当代战争与和平问题给予启示的同时,也可以以一种换位思考的方式来正确认识大国与小国的利益关系。除绪论外,本文分三个部分进行论述。 绪论部分主要论述本文的研究意义,简单介绍了国内外对本课题的学术研究情况,并就本文的“爱尔兰”、“中立”概念做简单界定。 第一部分,简述二战爆发后,爱尔兰中立政策的实施及原因,。中立的原因主要包括爱尔兰国微势弱的小国特性、政策制订、实施者的个人因素、历史上与英国的纠葛以及与北爱尔兰分裂的问题等。 第二部分,主要阐述爱尔兰的中立政策在二战中推行的过程。根据战争进程、大国战略目标及爱尔兰政策的变化可以将该过程分为三个阶段:从德国入侵波兰到德国进攻低地国家时的“假战争”时期的中立;从德国入侵法国到德国在斯大林格勒会战中的失败即“爱尔兰危急”时期的爱尔兰中立;从德国在斯大林格勒会战的失败到德国投降这一阶段的“纳粹德国失败”时期的爱尔兰中立。 第三部分,简述二战结束后,爱尔兰中立的结果,并对这一中立政策分阶段作简要的评价,进而得出爱尔兰的中立具有“有固定偏向但较完整的战时中立”性质及四个典型特点的结论。 结束语里主要认为爱尔兰全程坚持的中立并非明智之举,进而反思国家身份地位与国家利益的关系。
[Abstract]:In the history of "young" Irish diplomacy, Ireland's neutral diplomacy during World War II played an important role and had a profound influence on its foreign policy after World War II. Ireland's neutrality during World War II was caused by a number of factors in a given historical context, as a maritime nation, a member of the Commonwealth, a country so close to Britain. Its neutrality during World War II is obviously different from other countries, and its background reasons, neutral policy and the change of its position in the war have its own characteristics. This paper attempts to put the diplomacy of small countries in a macro historical background, through the evolution of the process of World War II and the changes in the strategic objectives of the great powers. To understand how a neutral country with such a geo-strategic position is extremely important but weak in the face of war and turmoil how to survive in the gap between the great powers is an attempt to protect itself. Thus, on the one hand, we can understand the panorama of World War II at the same time, we can have a deeper understanding of neutrality and neutral diplomacy in war; on the other hand, we can give enlightenment to contemporary issues of war and peace at the same time. It is also possible to correctly understand the interests of large and small countries in a way of transposing thinking. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into three parts to discuss. The introduction part mainly discusses the research significance of this paper, briefly introduces the academic research situation of this subject at home and abroad, and makes a simple definition of the concepts of "Ireland" and "neutrality" in this paper. The first part briefly describes the implementation and reasons of Ireland's neutrality policy after the outbreak of World War II. The main reasons for neutrality include the small and weak state of Ireland, the policy making, the personal factors of the implementers, the historical disputes with Britain and the problem of division with Northern Ireland. The second part mainly expounds the process of Ireland's neutral policy in World War II. According to the process of war, the strategic goal of great powers and the change of Irish policy can be divided into three stages: from the German invasion of Poland to the neutrality of the "false war" period when Germany attacked the lowland countries; From the German invasion of France to Germany's defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad, Ireland was neutral during the "Irish crisis"; From the defeat of Germany in Stalingrad to the neutrality of Ireland in the stage of Nazi Germany's defeat. The third part briefly describes the results of Ireland's neutrality after World War II, and gives a brief evaluation of this neutrality policy in stages. The conclusion that Ireland's neutrality has the character of "fixed bias but complete wartime neutrality" and four typical characteristics is obtained. In the concluding remarks, the author thinks that it is not wise for Ireland to insist on neutrality all the time, and then to reflect on the relationship between national status and national interests.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K562.5
本文编号：2207443
[Abstract]:In the history of "young" Irish diplomacy, Ireland's neutral diplomacy during World War II played an important role and had a profound influence on its foreign policy after World War II. Ireland's neutrality during World War II was caused by a number of factors in a given historical context, as a maritime nation, a member of the Commonwealth, a country so close to Britain. Its neutrality during World War II is obviously different from other countries, and its background reasons, neutral policy and the change of its position in the war have its own characteristics. This paper attempts to put the diplomacy of small countries in a macro historical background, through the evolution of the process of World War II and the changes in the strategic objectives of the great powers. To understand how a neutral country with such a geo-strategic position is extremely important but weak in the face of war and turmoil how to survive in the gap between the great powers is an attempt to protect itself. Thus, on the one hand, we can understand the panorama of World War II at the same time, we can have a deeper understanding of neutrality and neutral diplomacy in war; on the other hand, we can give enlightenment to contemporary issues of war and peace at the same time. It is also possible to correctly understand the interests of large and small countries in a way of transposing thinking. In addition to the introduction, this paper is divided into three parts to discuss. The introduction part mainly discusses the research significance of this paper, briefly introduces the academic research situation of this subject at home and abroad, and makes a simple definition of the concepts of "Ireland" and "neutrality" in this paper. The first part briefly describes the implementation and reasons of Ireland's neutrality policy after the outbreak of World War II. The main reasons for neutrality include the small and weak state of Ireland, the policy making, the personal factors of the implementers, the historical disputes with Britain and the problem of division with Northern Ireland. The second part mainly expounds the process of Ireland's neutral policy in World War II. According to the process of war, the strategic goal of great powers and the change of Irish policy can be divided into three stages: from the German invasion of Poland to the neutrality of the "false war" period when Germany attacked the lowland countries; From the German invasion of France to Germany's defeat in the Battle of Stalingrad, Ireland was neutral during the "Irish crisis"; From the defeat of Germany in Stalingrad to the neutrality of Ireland in the stage of Nazi Germany's defeat. The third part briefly describes the results of Ireland's neutrality after World War II, and gives a brief evaluation of this neutrality policy in stages. The conclusion that Ireland's neutrality has the character of "fixed bias but complete wartime neutrality" and four typical characteristics is obtained. In the concluding remarks, the author thinks that it is not wise for Ireland to insist on neutrality all the time, and then to reflect on the relationship between national status and national interests.
【学位授予单位】：首都师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K562.5
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