巫术与早期的欧洲近代化
发布时间：2018-08-28 15:06
【摘要】：巫术以及巫师一直存在于人类演进的历史之中。古往今来，各地的人们都相信有这种人和这种行为。在我们所知的人类社会中极少有完全不受巫术影响的。在欧洲近代化早期这一历史的转型时期，巫术和女巫变得更加的为人们所重视与关注。不管是社会的那个阶层，从知识分子到一般市民，从教皇到农妇，人们都对巫术以及女巫的效力深信不疑：这个时代甚至被认为是“以巫术和迷信看世界”的时代。巫术从社会的方方面面对当时的近代化进程产生了不可忽略的影响，而早期的近代化进程也不可避免的反作用于巫术。 巫术作为当时人们认识世界的另一扇窗口，通过谚语，童谣，禁忌等对人们的日常生活作出隐性的规范。在宗教改革中，先是为教会所借鉴，形成所谓的“教会巫术”，然后在教会与新教的辨战中为无所适从的知识分子提供了一个更多的信仰选择。并且在社会动荡的时候提供安抚民心的预言和救赎方法。而巫术对未知世界的探索更是催生了近代科学的产生，例如近代化学就是建立在巫术的炼金术之上。在欧洲经历向近代化社会转型的阵痛时，巫术以及女巫又充当了缓解社会紧张的一种机制。而由此应运而生的宗教裁判所，俨然成为教皇在世俗权威的又一代表，被作为一种调节社会平衡，缓解社会压力的机制而存在着。人们把新旧社会道德的冲突，，社会压力的紧张，都转嫁于女巫身上。借助猎巫运动，欧洲相对平稳的度过了近代化早期的社会转型。 随着近代化进程的推进，欧洲教会对待巫术的态度经历了从之前的能够接受转变为极力的反对，进而到狩猎女巫。一方面近代化的欧洲在近代科学思想的冲击下，巫术的观念变得难以立足，而另一方面在宗教改革以及猎巫运动的
[Abstract]:Witchcraft and witches have always existed in the history of human evolution. Throughout the ages, people everywhere believed in this kind of person and behavior. Very few human societies as we know are completely unaffected by witchcraft. In the transition period of the early modern Europe, witchcraft and witches became more and more important and concerned. From the intellectual to the average citizen, from the pope to the peasant woman, there is no doubt about the power of witchcraft and witches: it is even considered to be the age of "seeing the world by witchcraft and superstition." Witchcraft influenced the modernization process from all aspects of the society, and the early modernization process inevitably counteracted the witchcraft. As another window of people's understanding of the world at that time, witchcraft used proverbs, nursery rhymes, taboos and so on to make recessive norms of people's daily life. In the process of religious reform, it was first used by the church to form the so-called "church witchcraft", then in the debate between the church and Protestantism, it provided a more religious choice for the disoriented intellectuals. It also provides prophecy and redemption in times of social unrest. The exploration of the unknown world by witchcraft gave birth to modern science, for example, modern chemistry was based on alchemy of witchcraft. Witchcraft and witches act as a mechanism to ease social tensions in the throes of the transition to modern societies in Europe. As a result, the religious adjudication has become another representative of the Pope in the secular authority, which exists as a mechanism to regulate social balance and relieve social pressure. People pass on to witches the conflicts between old and new social morality and the tension of social pressure. With the help of witch-hunting, Europe passed the social transformation in the early period of modernization relatively smoothly. With the advancement of modernization, the European church's attitude toward witchcraft has changed from being acceptable to opposing it, and then to hunting witches. On the one hand, modern Europe, under the impact of modern scientific thought, the concept of witchcraft became difficult to establish, on the other hand, in the religious reform and witch-hunting movement.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K504
本文编号：2209748
[Abstract]:Witchcraft and witches have always existed in the history of human evolution. Throughout the ages, people everywhere believed in this kind of person and behavior. Very few human societies as we know are completely unaffected by witchcraft. In the transition period of the early modern Europe, witchcraft and witches became more and more important and concerned. From the intellectual to the average citizen, from the pope to the peasant woman, there is no doubt about the power of witchcraft and witches: it is even considered to be the age of "seeing the world by witchcraft and superstition." Witchcraft influenced the modernization process from all aspects of the society, and the early modernization process inevitably counteracted the witchcraft. As another window of people's understanding of the world at that time, witchcraft used proverbs, nursery rhymes, taboos and so on to make recessive norms of people's daily life. In the process of religious reform, it was first used by the church to form the so-called "church witchcraft", then in the debate between the church and Protestantism, it provided a more religious choice for the disoriented intellectuals. It also provides prophecy and redemption in times of social unrest. The exploration of the unknown world by witchcraft gave birth to modern science, for example, modern chemistry was based on alchemy of witchcraft. Witchcraft and witches act as a mechanism to ease social tensions in the throes of the transition to modern societies in Europe. As a result, the religious adjudication has become another representative of the Pope in the secular authority, which exists as a mechanism to regulate social balance and relieve social pressure. People pass on to witches the conflicts between old and new social morality and the tension of social pressure. With the help of witch-hunting, Europe passed the social transformation in the early period of modernization relatively smoothly. With the advancement of modernization, the European church's attitude toward witchcraft has changed from being acceptable to opposing it, and then to hunting witches. On the one hand, modern Europe, under the impact of modern scientific thought, the concept of witchcraft became difficult to establish, on the other hand, in the religious reform and witch-hunting movement.
【学位授予单位】：四川大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：K504
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前3条
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本文编号：2209748
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