拜占庭帝国东部边疆及维护方略（863年-1071年）

发布时间：2018-08-29 13:24

【摘要】：拜占庭帝国地处东地中海地区,踞巴尔干与小亚西亚的战略要冲之地,扼地中海与黑海之“咽喉”。这样的战略位置,使拜占庭帝国不可避免地与周边世界发生或和平或暴力的交往,这种交往产生的直接后果便是使拜占庭的边疆在历史上一直处于不断波动的状态中。作为历史的产物,边疆是一种发展的概念,边疆观念及理论具有鲜明的时代性。不同的历史时代会产生不同的边疆观念,不同的边疆观念与国家发展的现实需求相适应,相应地会表现出不同的历史特点。拜占庭的历史中,边疆的变化往往会对边疆观念产生潜移默化的影响。同时统治者对边疆维护方略选择是否适合当时帝国的实际需求,也直接关系到帝国的存亡。因此,拜占庭的边疆作为一种历史现象和历史产物,包含着许多政治的、文化的内涵,其背后隐藏的是国家各种各样的利益追求。本文以9世纪中期到11世纪拜占庭帝国的东部边疆维护方略为研究对象,将研究放置于这一历史时段的历史与地缘演变中,借鉴历史地理的方法与思路,以边疆和治策为接入点,分析帝国在东部边疆地区对军事战略、人口政策、外交政策、文化价值观输出策略等政策的综合运用。对帝国东部边疆的治策进行多角度的分析。全文共分三部分。第一部分为导言,总结了国内外的文献资料与研究状况,阐明本文的研究价值和意义,厘清“边疆”“边界”“方略”概念的含义。为后文的论述奠定最基本的文献支持和概念支撑。第二部分是论文的主体部分,共三章。首先从相对静态的地理环境为切入口,概括介绍拜占庭帝国的自然环境以及战略地缘,为后文的论述铺设清晰的背景。第三章从拜占庭帝国的周边民族,帝国自身的历史变迁来展示9世纪中期到11世纪拜占庭帝国的动态地缘。第四章以拜占庭帝国军事防务体系为参照物,分别论述帝国在边界内外两侧边疆地区所采取的对边疆的维护方略。首先从对帝国道路系统、边疆地区的军事防御工事等内容,对罗马-拜占庭的边疆地区军事防御状况进行理顺。进而理清拜占庭边疆地区军事体制的历史演进,探讨帝国在边疆地区的军事行政管理,对军事防御线内侧的帝国政策进行梳理。其次,对军事防御线外侧在政治外交、文化价值观等多个层面综合考察边疆地区的政策。并从对拜占庭帝国的附属国体系,以及帝国的在这一历史时期中的战略进行初步的分析。最后一部分为结语部分。对拜占庭边疆的历史内涵进行深度剖析,分析拜占庭边疆的文化、军事、政治经济等多层次的属性。通过拜占庭边疆维护方略中所反映出的边疆的构成,探讨拜占庭帝国的核心利益以及国家理念。
[Abstract]:Byzantine Empire is located in the eastern Mediterranean region, the Balkans and small Asia strategic thrust, choke Mediterranean and Black Sea throat. Such a strategic position made the Byzantine Empire inevitably interact with the surrounding world or in peace or violence. The direct consequence of this kind of communication is that the frontier of Byzantium has been in a state of constant fluctuation in the history. As a product of history, frontier is a concept of development. Different historical times will produce different frontier concepts, and different frontier concepts will adapt to the actual needs of national development, showing different historical characteristics accordingly. In the history of Byzantium, the change of frontier often had a subtle influence on the idea of frontier. At the same time, the ruler's choice of frontier maintenance strategy is suitable for the actual needs of the empire at that time, also directly related to the survival of the empire. Therefore, as a historical phenomenon and historical product, Byzantine's frontier contains a lot of political and cultural connotations, behind which is the pursuit of various national interests. This paper takes the strategy of maintaining the eastern frontier of Byzantine Empire from the middle of the 9th century to the 11th century as the object of study, puts the research in the historical and geographical evolution of this historical period, and draws lessons from the methods and ideas of historical geography. This paper analyzes the comprehensive application of military strategy, population policy, foreign policy, cultural value export strategy and so on. This paper analyzes the strategy of the eastern frontier of the empire from various angles. The full text is divided into three parts. The first part is the introduction, summarizes the literature and research situation at home and abroad, clarifies the research value and significance of this paper, and clarifies the meaning of the concept of "frontier" and "border" and "general strategy". To lay the most basic literature support and conceptual support for the following discussion. The second part is the main part of the paper, there are three chapters. Firstly, the paper introduces the natural environment and strategic geography of Byzantine Empire from the point of view of the relatively static geographical environment, laying a clear background for the later discussion. The third chapter shows the dynamic geography of the Byzantine Empire from the middle of the 9th century to the 11th century from the historical changes of the neighboring peoples and the Empire itself. The fourth chapter takes Byzantine Empire's military defense system as reference, and discusses the strategies adopted by the Empire to maintain the frontier areas on both sides of the border. Firstly, from the aspects of the imperial road system and the military fortifications in the frontier area, the military defense situation of the border area of Rome-Byzantium was straightened out. Then it clarifies the historical evolution of the military system in the Byzantine frontier area, probes into the military administration of the empire in the frontier area, and combs the imperial policy on the inner side of the military defense line. Secondly, the outer side of the military defense line in the political diplomacy, cultural values and other levels of comprehensive investigation of the border region policy. And from the Byzantine Empire's subsidiary state system, as well as the empire's strategy in this historical period to carry on the preliminary analysis. The last part is the conclusion. The historical connotation of Byzantine frontier is deeply analyzed, and the multi-level attributes of culture, military and political economy of Byzantine frontier are analyzed. This paper discusses the core interests and national concept of Byzantium Empire through the composition of frontier areas reflected in Byzantine frontier maintenance strategy.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：K134

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