论新经济政策初期列宁向西方之借鉴

发布时间：2018-08-31 15:37

【摘要】：1920年底，苏维埃俄国经过三年的浴血奋战，终于击退外国武装干涉者，取得国内战争的胜利，而“给自己取得了独立生存的权利”，列宁认为，这对苏维埃政权来说，不仅有了喘息的机会，而且有了比较长期地进行经济建设的机会。在1921年初开始转向和平建设时，苏俄的国民经济已遭到严重破坏，农业生产状况日益恶化，工业衰退，资源短缺，人民生活艰难困苦。与此同时，苏俄国内的政治危机不断升级，最终在1921年爆发了喀琅施塔得反革命叛乱。面对严重的经济危机和政治危机，列宁深感“战时共产主义政策”已经严重影响到国民经济的恢复发展，于是果断转变思想，作出改行新经济政策的重大决策，积极向西方学习，借鉴西方先进的生产技术和管理经验，引进资金设备，使苏维埃俄国的经济状况明显好转，为苏俄政权的稳定和社会的不断发展奠定基础。在论文写作过程中，主要分七部分对列宁向西方的借鉴学习进行详细论述：第一部分是对向西方学习的历史背景进行了分析。战时共产主义政策在政治、经济上都产生了严重的消极后果，使苏联社会停滞不前，社会动荡不安，社会生产遭到严重破坏，使得当时的领导人列宁不得不进行政治经济政策的变革。第二部分是对列宁向西方学习的可能性进行了说明。科学技术的无阶级性以及当时国际帝国主义国家之间的矛盾使得列宁在帝国主义国家的重重包围中看到了向资本主义学习的希望，，为向西方学习提供了可能性。第三部分是对列宁向西方资本主义国家学习的具体表现进行了详细论述。列宁积极学习西方的先进科学技术与管理经验，引进先进设备，提出了全俄电气化计划，通过实行租让制等国家资本主义形式积极利用外资，为苏维埃俄国恢复并发展社会主义政治经济奠定了重要基础。第四部分主要分析了列宁利用资本主义发展社会主义所坚持的原则，必须坚持国家主权的完整以及政治经济上的独立自主，根据国内的实际需要进行学习，不能盲目借鉴，坚持保护社会主义的根本利益。第五部分是对向西方学习的成果进行了总结。国民经济开始好转，农业得到恢复，工业复苏，工人复业，与西方国家的关系不断趋于缓和，为苏维埃俄国的发展营造了相对稳定的国际环境。第六部分分析了向西方学习对苏维埃俄国的深远意义。列宁关于向西方学习的思想，加快了建立社会主义的物质技术基础，在理论上突破了马克思主义者关于建设社会主义的某些传统观念，实行了积极主动的向资本主义国家学习的经济政策，从而对马克思主义作出了重大发展。第七部分主要是关于列宁这一决策对二战后南斯拉夫和中国的影响的简单论述。南斯拉夫是社会主义阵营中第一个同苏联模式决裂的国家，从这个国家的改革方式可以发现，列宁向西方学习的思想对其有着深刻的影响；而二战后的中国，在经历了抗日战争、解放战争之后，百业待兴，受列宁向西方学习思想的影响，毛泽东认为一切民族和国家的长处都要学习，这其中当然也包括西方资本主义国家，邓小平更是做出了实行改革开放的决定，为中国的不断发展奠定了基础。
[Abstract]:At the end of 1920, after three years of bloody struggle, Soviet Russia finally defeated foreign armed interferers and won the victory of the civil war, and "gave itself the right to an independent existence." Lenin believed that this gave the Soviet regime not only a breathing opportunity, but also a longer-term opportunity for economic construction. At the beginning of the transition to peace-building, the Soviet national economy had been severely damaged, agricultural production was deteriorating, industry was declining, resources were scarce, and people's livelihood was difficult. Lenin was deeply aware that the "Wartime Communist Policy" had seriously affected the recovery and development of the national economy, so he resolutely changed his thinking, made a major decision to change to a new economic policy, actively studied from the West, learned from the advanced production technology and management experience of the West, and introduced capital and equipment to make the Soviet Russia's economic situation obvious. The improvement has laid the foundation for the stability of the Soviet regime and the continuous development of the society.
In the process of writing, there are seven parts in which Lenin's learning from the west is discussed in detail.
The first part is an analysis of the historical background of learning from the West.The communist policy during the war had serious negative consequences both politically and economically, which led to the stagnation of Soviet society, social unrest and serious destruction of social production, and forced Lenin, the then leader, to make political and economic policy changes. The third part is about the possibility of Lenin learning from the West. Lenin actively studied the advanced science and technology and management experience of the West, introduced advanced equipment, put forward the electrification plan of Russia, and actively utilized foreign capital in the form of national capitalism such as concession system to restore and develop socialist political economy for Soviet Russia. The fourth part mainly analyzes Lenin's principle of using capitalism to develop socialism. He must adhere to the integrity of state sovereignty and political and economic independence. He should study according to the actual needs of China, not blindly draw lessons from it, and insist on protecting the fundamental interests of socialism. The results of learning from the West were summarized. The national economy began to improve, agriculture was restored, industry was restored, workers resumed their jobs, and relations with the West were gradually relaxed, thus creating a relatively stable international environment for the development of Soviet Russia. The sixth part analyzed the far-reaching significance of learning from the West to Soviet Russia. The idea of learning from the West accelerated the establishment of the material and technological basis of socialism, theoretically broke through some of the Marxists'traditional concepts of building socialism, and carried out an active economic policy of learning from capitalist countries, thus making great progress in Marxism. The influence of Lenin's decision on Yugoslavia and China after World War II is briefly discussed. Affected by Lenin's thought of learning from the West, Mao Zedong believed that all nations and countries should learn from their strengths, including, of course, Western capitalist countries. Deng Xiaoping made a decision to implement reform and opening up, which laid the foundation for China's continuous development.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：K512.5

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