狄奥尼索斯崇拜研究

发布时间：2018-08-31 15:16

【摘要】：本文是以古典文献和考古发掘资料为基础、对古希腊狄奥尼索斯崇拜这一宗教现象所作的一项专题研究。狄奥尼索斯崇拜受到人们的关注是在尼采的《悲剧的诞生》发表之后。在这本书里，尼采提出狄奥尼索斯精神和阿波罗精神这一对立统一的艺术原则，认为悲剧的诞生就是这两种因素的结合，而且狄奥尼索斯精神要远远重要于阿波罗精神。显然，尼采是从哲学和美学的视角来看待狄奥尼索斯崇拜的，那么，在古希腊社会中存在的狄奥尼索斯崇拜是一种什么样的宗教文化现象呢?这就是本项研究的目的所在。狄奥尼索斯崇拜是一种特殊的文化现象，又是一种较为普遍的文化现象。类似的宗教存在于世界各地，比如对葡萄树或酒的崇拜，比如以神附体的形式达到与神的沟通，比如以狂欢的形式发泄内心的紧张感等等；但是，值得我们注意的是，只有狄奥尼索斯崇拜在古希腊城邦民主制条件下得到了较充分的发展，也就是说，希腊多神教的宗教体系和民主制的发展是促进狄奥尼索斯崇拜发展的两个因素。所以，这篇论文在研究方法上，非常注意把狄奥尼索斯崇拜纳入到希腊整个历史和文化背景之下，通过对它各方面的考察和分析，揭示蕴含在这一现象之后的希腊精神，以及探索希腊社会文化的演进过程。这篇论文通过两种视角考察狄奥尼索斯崇拜，一是从历时性的角度考察狄奥尼索斯崇拜历史性的发展，探讨狄奥尼索斯崇拜的起源和发展。论文认为，狄奥尼索斯崇拜的起源地在希腊本土，流行于底层民众中间，只是在后来的发展中受到了东方文明尤其是古埃及文明的影响，增加了某些神秘主义的因素。公元前7 -6世纪，在希腊民主政治的进程中，狄奥尼索斯崇拜因为远离贵族控制，成为平民与贵族政治斗争中的一种有力的思想武器，渐渐进入城邦政治的“中心”，城市酒神节的举办、大规模的游行和戏剧演出等等都成为城邦政治生活的一部分。二是以“宗教四要素”为理论框架分析狄奥尼索斯崇拜作为一种宗教现象的基本特点。狄奥尼索斯崇拜通过神话传说表达自己独特的宗教观念，以宗教节日和神秘仪式两种方式开展自己的宗教实践活动，，体现了不同于其他宗教的鲜明特点。在狄奥尼索斯的宗教节日上，有神圣的杀牲祭祀和集体大餐，这与希腊人对其他神如宙斯和阿波罗的祭祀是一样的：但同时，它还有不同于公民宗教的另一面，即神秘的一面，花月节上秘密的婚礼、酒神的女祭司每两年一次的德尔斐朝拜活动、巴库斯秘仪等等又都体现了狄奥尼索斯崇拜脱离城邦政治生活、但又得到城邦默许的一面。所以，论文同时阐述了狄奥尼索斯崇拜的节日和它的神秘仪式。其中，狄奥尼索斯的节日是同城邦的政治生活紧紧联系在一起的，而狄奥尼索斯的神秘仪式让我们看到了希腊宗教向高级宗教发展的过渡阶段。古希腊戏剧是希腊人留给人类的最辉煌的精神遗产，其源头却是狄奥尼索斯崇拜。在古希腊戏剧产生和发展的过程中，狄奥尼索斯崇拜一直发生着影响和作用，戏剧成功地表达了城邦尤其是雅典城邦的政治思想和城邦理念，其本身也在雅典的民主政治体制下进行运作，但是戏剧的演出始终都是狄奥尼索斯祭祀仪式的一部分，始终没有脱离古希腊社会浓厚的宗教氛围。论文以狄奥尼索斯崇拜在古希腊城邦中的作用为结语部分，分析了狄奥尼索斯崇拜在古希腊社会存在的原因以及它给人们带来的精神上的满足。作为一种心理疗法，它缓解了人们的社会压力，为妇女们暂时远离繁重琐碎的家庭劳作提供了神圣的借口，调节了男性和女性之间的关系，同时也为不甚关注“死者亡国” 和死后生活的奥林匹斯宗教提供了一种合理的补充，这种补充，不仅是对希腊宗教是有益的，对希腊人的精神生活也是必需的。作为一种特定的宗教文化现象，狄奥尼索斯崇拜显示了它与古希腊城邦政治、经济、文化等方方面面千丝万缕的联系，表达了人们思想意识、情感观念所发生的变化。对狄奥尼索斯崇拜的研究，也可以为我们考察整个希腊古典文明提供一个有效的视窗。
[Abstract]:Based on classical literature and archaeological excavations, this article is devoted to the worship of Dionysus in ancient Greece.
A thematic study of teaching phenomena.
Dio Nirsos's worship has been paid attention to after the birth of Nietzsche's tragedy.
In this book, Nietzsche puts forward the artistic principle of the unity of opposites between Dionysus spirit and Apollo spirit.
The birth of tragedy is a combination of these two factors, and the spirit of Dionysus is far more important than Apollo.
God, obviously, Nietzsche viewed Dio Nirsos's worship from the perspective of philosophy and aesthetics.
What kind of religious culture phenomenon does Dio Nirsos worship exist in the wax society?
The purpose of the study.
Dio Nirsos worship is a special cultural phenomenon. It is also a common cultural phenomenon.
Similar religions exist all over the world, such as the worship of grapes or wine, as in the form of an appendage to God.
Communication with God, such as venturing inner tension in the form of carnival, is noteworthy.
Yes, only the worship of Dionysus had been fully developed under the conditions of the ancient Greek polis democracy, and so did the worship of Dionysus.
That is to say, the development of the religious system and democracy of Greek polytheism are the two that promote the development of Dionysus worship.
Therefore, this thesis pays great attention to the incorporation of Dio Nirsos worship into Greek.
Under the background of history and culture, this paper reveals the implication of this phenomenon through the investigation and analysis of its various aspects.
The Greek spirit and the process of exploring Greek social culture.
This paper examines Dio Nirsos worship from two perspectives: one is diachronic from a diachronic perspective.
The history and development of Dio Nirsos worship were discussed.
The origin of the worship of Nisos was native to Greece, popular among the lower classes of the people, but in later development by
The influence of Eastern civilization, especially the ancient Egyptian civilization, increased some mysticism factors. 7 B.C.
In the -6 century, in the process of democratic politics in Greece, Dio Nirsos's worship was controlled by the aristocracy.
A powerful ideological weapon in the political struggle between the common people and the aristocracy gradually entered the "center" of polis politics.
The city Dionysian Festival, mass parade, drama and so on have become part of the political life of the city.
Points.
The two is the analysis of Dio Nirsos worship as a religious phenomenon based on the four elements of religion.
Fundamentals. Dionysus worship expresses its unique religious ideas through mythology and legend, with religious festivals
The practice of religion in two ways, i.e. mystical rituals and mystical rituals, is different from other religions.
There are sacred sacrifices and collective meals on Dio Nirsos's religious festivals.
The sacrifices of other gods, such as Zeus and Apollo, are the same: but at the same time, they are different from civil religion.
On the other side, the mysterious side, the secret wedding at the flower and Moon Festival, the Del of the Bacchus twice every two years.
Philadelphia worship, Bakus mystery and so on all manifested Dionysus worship from the city-state political life, but
So the thesis also expounds the festival of Dionysus'worship and its god.
Secret ceremony. Dio Nirsos's festival is closely linked with the political life of the city.
O Nirsos's mysterious ceremony shows us the transition from Greek religion to advanced religion.
Ancient Greek drama is the most brilliant spiritual legacy left by the Greeks, but its source is Dionysus.
Worship. Dionysus worship has been influencing and writing in the process of the emergence and development of ancient Greek drama.
The drama succeeds in expressing the political thoughts and ideas of the city-state, especially the Athenian city-state.
Athens operates under a democratic political system, but theatrical performances are always Dionysus rituals.
A part of it has never been divorced from the strong religious atmosphere of ancient Greek society.
The paper takes the role of Dio Nirsos worship in the ancient Greek city states as the concluding part, and analyzes de Noni Alfonso.
The reason why worship existed in ancient Greek society and the spiritual satisfaction it brought to people.
Physiotherapy, which relieves people's social pressure, provides women with a temporary escape from the burdensome and trivial family work
It regulates the relationship between men and women under the sacred excuse, and it also pays little attention to the "death of the country"
And the Olympus religion of living after death provides a reasonable complement, not only to the Greek sect.
Teaching is beneficial and necessary for the spiritual life of the Greeks.
As a specific phenomenon of religious culture, Dio Nirsos's worship shows its relationship with ancient Greek polis.
Governance, economic, cultural and other aspects of countless ties, expressing people's ideological and emotional concepts.
The changes that have taken place. The study of Dionysus worship can also serve as a reference to the whole Greek classical civilization.
For an effective window.
【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：K125

【引证文献】