近代德意志政治民族主义发展研究
发布时间：2018-09-01 13:36
【摘要】：纵观世界民族的发展历程,可以发现德意志民族的特殊性。德意志从中世纪长期以来的分裂割据走向统一的进程中,德意志民众的民族情绪影响巨大。本文是站在政治民族主义的角度,来认识德意志民族近代以来发展的历程,分别从德意志民族主义的早期发展、法国的入侵和德意志政治民族主义的发端、德意志政治民族主义的发展与统一的民族国家建立这三个方面来展开。德意志的民族主义最早表现为文化民族主义。这是因为德意志长期邦国林立、四分五裂、战争频繁的局面,导致民族意识的觉醒没能发展成一种广泛的社会运动,仅仅停留在社会中上层,最终形成一种范围狭小的文化民族主义。他们希望,文化上联络加强能够促进德国在政治上的统一。反映在文化思想上,即是不断追忆与赞美昔日耳曼人的光荣与业绩,狂热地探寻德意志民族的民族精神与民族个性,从遥远的过去寻求慰藉借以培养德意志民族的优越感与自信心。启蒙运动有力地推动了德意志文化民族主义的发展。在德意志民族主义的发展过程中,有几个不同的阶段。第一个时期,其特点是着重突出、重视文化的统一性,这起了凝聚德意志民族情感的功效。后来又发展为更现实的政治民族主义。而这个重大转变则是由于抵制异族侵略所形成的。虽然文化方面一直强调德意志民族团结与价值认同,但到了后来,文化民族主义愈发和德意志的分裂局面格格不入。法国的入侵,给德国造成了强烈冲击,抵制拿破仑的民族情绪、民族情感日益高涨,大量的杰出的知识群体参与其中,加入到推动着德意志民族解放运动的队伍当中。可以说,法国的入侵有力地促进了德意志政治民族主义的发端。德意志上下同心共同应对拿破仑战争造成的政治冲击,推动了德意志政治民族主义的发展与成熟。1815年维也纳会议后,德意志的政治民族主义进一步发展,民族主义从文化精英向全民扩散,有力的推动了德意志的民族统一运动,统一的德意志民族国家得以建立。1871年第二帝国建立,政治民族主义最终形成,德意志民族主义的兴起和发展之路基本走完。在这之后德意志的民族主义也一直在对德国社会产生影响,民族主义与普鲁士的军国主义实现了融合,并对德国各个阶层产生了重大影响,在政府的煽动之下德国民众的民族意识因此空前高涨,并成为了德国接连发动两次世界大战的重要因素。
[Abstract]:Throughout the development of the world nation, we can find the particularity of the German nation. In the process of the separation and unification of Germany from the Middle Ages for a long time, the national emotions of the German people have a great influence. This paper is from the angle of political nationalism to understand the development of the German nation since modern times, respectively from the early development of German nationalism, the invasion of France and the origin of German political nationalism. The development of German political nationalism and the establishment of a unified nation-state are carried out in these three aspects. The earliest manifestation of German nationalism is cultural nationalism. This is because of the long history of Germany as a nation of states, torn apart by frequent wars, the awakening of national consciousness has not developed into a widespread social movement and has only remained in the upper middle and upper strata of society. Finally, a narrow range of cultural nationalism was formed. They hope that closer cultural ties will promote Germany's political unity. Reflected in the cultural thought, that is, constantly recalling and praising the glory and achievements of the former Germanic people, fervently exploring the national spirit and national individuality of the German nation, Seek solace from the distant past to cultivate the superiority and self-confidence of the German nation. The Enlightenment promoted the development of German cultural nationalism. There were several different stages in the development of German nationalism. In the first period, it was characterized by emphasizing the unity of culture, which condensed the national emotion of Germany. Later it developed into a more realistic political nationalism. This major shift was the result of resistance to alien aggression. Although the cultural aspect always emphasizes the German national unity and the value identity, but later, the cultural nationalism is more and more incompatible with the German split situation. The invasion of France made a strong impact on Germany, resisting Napoleon's national sentiment, increasing national emotion, a large number of outstanding knowledge groups participated in the promotion of the German national liberation movement. It can be said that the French invasion contributed to the beginning of German political nationalism. German political nationalism developed further after the Vienna Conference in 1815, when it worked together to cope with the political impact caused by the Napoleon War, which promoted the development and maturity of German political nationalism. Nationalism diffused from the cultural elite to the whole people, and promoted the national unification movement of Germany, and the unified German nation state was established. In 1871, the second Reich was established, and political nationalism was finally formed. The rise and development of German nationalism is basically over. Since then, German nationalism has also had an impact on German society. Nationalism has merged with Prussia's militarism and has had a significant impact on all levels of German society. At the instigation of the government, the national consciousness of the German people rose to an unprecedented height and became an important factor in the launching of two world wars in Germany.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K516
本文编号：2217369
[Abstract]:Throughout the development of the world nation, we can find the particularity of the German nation. In the process of the separation and unification of Germany from the Middle Ages for a long time, the national emotions of the German people have a great influence. This paper is from the angle of political nationalism to understand the development of the German nation since modern times, respectively from the early development of German nationalism, the invasion of France and the origin of German political nationalism. The development of German political nationalism and the establishment of a unified nation-state are carried out in these three aspects. The earliest manifestation of German nationalism is cultural nationalism. This is because of the long history of Germany as a nation of states, torn apart by frequent wars, the awakening of national consciousness has not developed into a widespread social movement and has only remained in the upper middle and upper strata of society. Finally, a narrow range of cultural nationalism was formed. They hope that closer cultural ties will promote Germany's political unity. Reflected in the cultural thought, that is, constantly recalling and praising the glory and achievements of the former Germanic people, fervently exploring the national spirit and national individuality of the German nation, Seek solace from the distant past to cultivate the superiority and self-confidence of the German nation. The Enlightenment promoted the development of German cultural nationalism. There were several different stages in the development of German nationalism. In the first period, it was characterized by emphasizing the unity of culture, which condensed the national emotion of Germany. Later it developed into a more realistic political nationalism. This major shift was the result of resistance to alien aggression. Although the cultural aspect always emphasizes the German national unity and the value identity, but later, the cultural nationalism is more and more incompatible with the German split situation. The invasion of France made a strong impact on Germany, resisting Napoleon's national sentiment, increasing national emotion, a large number of outstanding knowledge groups participated in the promotion of the German national liberation movement. It can be said that the French invasion contributed to the beginning of German political nationalism. German political nationalism developed further after the Vienna Conference in 1815, when it worked together to cope with the political impact caused by the Napoleon War, which promoted the development and maturity of German political nationalism. Nationalism diffused from the cultural elite to the whole people, and promoted the national unification movement of Germany, and the unified German nation state was established. In 1871, the second Reich was established, and political nationalism was finally formed. The rise and development of German nationalism is basically over. Since then, German nationalism has also had an impact on German society. Nationalism has merged with Prussia's militarism and has had a significant impact on all levels of German society. At the instigation of the government, the national consciousness of the German people rose to an unprecedented height and became an important factor in the launching of two world wars in Germany.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：K516
【相似文献】
相关期刊论文 前1条
1 王小涛;;《全球化与跨国民族主义经典文论》出版[J];华侨华人历史研究;2014年02期
相关硕士学位论文 前4条
1 王伟青;近代德意志政治民族主义发展研究[D];华中师范大学;2017年
2 王闫琪;安东尼·史密斯的民族主义理论研究[D];中共广东省委党校;2017年
3 白静;从民族主义角度审视苏联解体[D];上海师范大学;2017年
4 郭娟;《午夜之子》中的印度教民族主义研究[D];云南师范大学;2017年
，本文编号：2217369
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/shekelunwen/xifanglishiwenhua/2217369.html
最近更新
教材专著
