美国传教士与19世纪的中美外交关系（1830-1899）
发布时间：2018-09-03 15:26
【摘要】： 自1830年起,美国新教传教士相继踏足中华帝国。由于是最谙熟中国语言文字与社会文化的美国人,所以。他们在整个19世纪的中美关系之中始终充当着主角。特别是中美外交关系的开端、发展乃至走向成熟,都留存着他们的深深印迹。这些传教士中的相当一部分人后来还成为美国驻华外交官员。从美中之间不平等条约的签订、美国发起对华武力与经济侵略,到美国对华外交政策的确立,美国在华传教士所发挥的作用都是至关重要的。他们挑起诸多的外交事端,引发大量的教案冲突,还对发生在中国的各种政治运动都有不同程度的干预,很大程度地影响了19世纪中美外交关系的发展。所以,对美国传教士与19世纪中美外交关系的研究,无疑具有非常重大的意义和价值。 本文绪论部分主要介绍本选题的意义与核心概念的界定,国内外学者对美国来华传教士研究的现状,选题的主要观点、重点与难点。 第一章探讨美国传教士与早期美国对华政策,重点讨论美国传教士主张美国对华扩张、美国传教士影响美国对华政策、美国传教士与美国对华鸦片贸易政策、美国传教士直接参与对华交涉等问题。 第二章介绍美国传教士与中美外交条约的签订,主要解析美国传教士在中美《望厦条约》、《天津条约》签订过程中的作用及伯驾1856年的对华修约的具体经过。 第三章考察美国传教士与19世纪中叶的美国对台湾政策,详尽考析美国传教士认识台湾、重视台湾、染指台湾、主张占领台湾及侵台图谋流产的历史过程。 第四章阐释美国传教士与太平天国时期的美国对华政策,深入研究美国传教士对太平天国领导人的接触、对太平天国宗教的认识、对太平天国与晚清政府政治势力的权衡,分析其对当时美国对华政策的影响。 第五章选取若干19世纪美国传教士在华发生的重大教案冲突予以剖析,解析中美两国解决教案的外交手段。揭示中美教案发生的原因、特点,总结出可供借鉴的外交经验。 结语部分通过理性审视基督新教精神与美国国家本质、基督新教信仰与意识形态外交、基督新教理念与美国对华外交等命题,试图为19世纪美国来华传教士对中美外交关系的巨大影响提供理论依据。 本文的重点在于,通过梳理、阐述19世纪美国传教士在中国所开展的各种传教及政治活动,分析其深层的社会动因与造成的历史影响,系统还原和真实重构其在19世纪中美外交关系中所起到的重要作用。 本文的主要观点在于,认为美国来华传教士充当了19世纪中美外交关系的主要角色。他们既是两国外交关系建立的策划者和参与者,又是两国外交关系发展的推动者和实施者;他们既左右美国的对华外交政策,又影响中国的对美外交方略。 本文利用可以接触到的中英文档案,19世纪美国来华传教士创办的报刊及书信、日记、回忆录、传记,大量与此问题相关的英文论著,再结合已有的中文研究成果,对美国传教士与19世纪的中美外交关系予以比较完整、系统和细致的研究。
[Abstract]:Since 1830, American Protestant missionaries have set foot in the Chinese Empire one after another. As Americans who are most familiar with Chinese language and social culture, they have always played a leading role in Sino-US relations throughout the 19th century. A considerable number of missionaries later became U.S. diplomats in China. From the signing of the unequal treaties between the United States and China, the launching of the U.S. military and economic aggression against China, to the establishment of the U.S. foreign policy toward China, the role played by the U.S. missionaries in China was of vital importance. They provoked many diplomatic incidents and triggered a large number of diplomatic incidents. The collision of church plans also interfered in various political movements in China to varying degrees, which greatly influenced the development of Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century. Therefore, it is undoubtedly of great significance and value to study the relationship between American missionaries and Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century.
The introduction of this paper mainly introduces the significance of this topic and the definition of the core concepts, the status quo of the study of American missionaries in China, the main points, key points and difficulties.
The first chapter discusses American missionaries'and early American policies toward China, focusing on such issues as American missionaries' advocacy of American expansion toward China, American missionaries'influence on American policy toward China, American missionaries' opium trade policy toward China, and American missionaries'direct participation in negotiations with China.
The second chapter introduces the signing of the diplomatic treaties between the American missionaries and China and the United States. It mainly analyzes the role of the American missionaries in the signing process of the Sino-US Treaty of Hope and Tianjin and the specific course of the Amendment of the Treaty to China in 1856.
The third chapter examines the American missionaries'policy toward Taiwan and the American policy toward Taiwan in the mid-19th century.
The fourth chapter explains the American policy toward China during the period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, studies the contact between the American missionaries and the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, their understanding of the religion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the balance between the political forces of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the late Qing government, and analyzes its influence on the American policy toward China at that time.
Chapter Five analyzes the major conflicts between American missionaries in China in the 19th century, analyzes the diplomatic means by which China and the United States settle the cases, reveals the causes and characteristics of the cases, and summarizes the diplomatic experience that can be used for reference.
In the conclusion part, the author tries to provide a theoretical basis for the great influence of American missionaries in China on Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century by examining rationally the Protestant spirit and the nature of the United States, the Protestant belief and ideological diplomacy, the Protestant ideas and American diplomacy with China.
The emphasis of this paper is to elaborate the various missionary and political activities carried out by American missionaries in China in the 19th century, analyze their deep social causes and historical influences, and systematically restore and reconstruct their important role in Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century.
The main point of this paper is that American missionaries in China played a major role in Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century. They were both the planners and participants in the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries and the promoters and implementers of the development of diplomatic relations between the two countries. They influenced both American foreign policy toward China and China's diplomacy toward the United States. A little.
This paper makes a comprehensive, systematic and meticulous study of the American missionaries'diplomatic relations with China in the 19th century by using accessible Chinese and English documents, newspapers and letters, diaries, memoirs, biographies, and a large number of English works related to this issue founded by American missionaries in China in the 19th century.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712;K252
本文编号：2220388
[Abstract]:Since 1830, American Protestant missionaries have set foot in the Chinese Empire one after another. As Americans who are most familiar with Chinese language and social culture, they have always played a leading role in Sino-US relations throughout the 19th century. A considerable number of missionaries later became U.S. diplomats in China. From the signing of the unequal treaties between the United States and China, the launching of the U.S. military and economic aggression against China, to the establishment of the U.S. foreign policy toward China, the role played by the U.S. missionaries in China was of vital importance. They provoked many diplomatic incidents and triggered a large number of diplomatic incidents. The collision of church plans also interfered in various political movements in China to varying degrees, which greatly influenced the development of Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century. Therefore, it is undoubtedly of great significance and value to study the relationship between American missionaries and Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century.
The introduction of this paper mainly introduces the significance of this topic and the definition of the core concepts, the status quo of the study of American missionaries in China, the main points, key points and difficulties.
The first chapter discusses American missionaries'and early American policies toward China, focusing on such issues as American missionaries' advocacy of American expansion toward China, American missionaries'influence on American policy toward China, American missionaries' opium trade policy toward China, and American missionaries'direct participation in negotiations with China.
The second chapter introduces the signing of the diplomatic treaties between the American missionaries and China and the United States. It mainly analyzes the role of the American missionaries in the signing process of the Sino-US Treaty of Hope and Tianjin and the specific course of the Amendment of the Treaty to China in 1856.
The third chapter examines the American missionaries'policy toward Taiwan and the American policy toward Taiwan in the mid-19th century.
The fourth chapter explains the American policy toward China during the period of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, studies the contact between the American missionaries and the leaders of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, their understanding of the religion of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the balance between the political forces of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom and the late Qing government, and analyzes its influence on the American policy toward China at that time.
Chapter Five analyzes the major conflicts between American missionaries in China in the 19th century, analyzes the diplomatic means by which China and the United States settle the cases, reveals the causes and characteristics of the cases, and summarizes the diplomatic experience that can be used for reference.
In the conclusion part, the author tries to provide a theoretical basis for the great influence of American missionaries in China on Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century by examining rationally the Protestant spirit and the nature of the United States, the Protestant belief and ideological diplomacy, the Protestant ideas and American diplomacy with China.
The emphasis of this paper is to elaborate the various missionary and political activities carried out by American missionaries in China in the 19th century, analyze their deep social causes and historical influences, and systematically restore and reconstruct their important role in Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century.
The main point of this paper is that American missionaries in China played a major role in Sino-US diplomatic relations in the 19th century. They were both the planners and participants in the establishment of diplomatic relations between the two countries and the promoters and implementers of the development of diplomatic relations between the two countries. They influenced both American foreign policy toward China and China's diplomacy toward the United States. A little.
This paper makes a comprehensive, systematic and meticulous study of the American missionaries'diplomatic relations with China in the 19th century by using accessible Chinese and English documents, newspapers and letters, diaries, memoirs, biographies, and a large number of English works related to this issue founded by American missionaries in China in the 19th century.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K712;K252
【引证文献】
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，本文编号：2220388
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