20世纪后半期美国东正教特点及其形成原因解析

发布时间：2018-09-04 06:02

【摘要】：美国东正教的历史,是从1794年8名俄国传教士在阿拉斯加的科迪亚克岛建立第一个东正教会开始的。经过两个多世纪的发展,到20世纪末期,美国已经有22个东正教主管教区,信徒人数超过了200万人,在社会发挥重要的作用,被认为是美国的第四大宗教。从东正教传入美国开始,面对最大的问题就是东正教信徒因血缘和来自国家不同而加入各自的民族教会。这些民族教会往往从属于他们的母国教会,在祈祷仪式和宗教活动中使用民族语言,而且相互往来较少,所以美国的东正教一直处于四分五裂的状态。由于二战后东欧政治局势的变化和移民逐渐的同化,20世纪下半期美国东正教的发展呈现出新的特点,那就是统一的趋势不断加强,各个民族教会之间合作增加,建立一系列的“泛东正教”组织。但由于语言和旧世界关系等因素的阻碍,使得美国的东正教会仍然处于统一与分散的两难境地。本文拟从三个方面入手进行分析。第一部分对二战结束前美国东正教的发展情况进行简单介绍;第二部分分析20世纪后半期美国东正教的发展特点,那就是各民族教会日益“本土化”,东正教联合的思想深入人心,随着“美国正教会”的自治,正教统一运动达到了新的高潮。但由于母国教会的分歧和语言障碍等原因,美国的东正教没有完成统一。第三部分是对20世纪后半期美国东正教特点形成原因的分析。本文主要从移民的差别和美国宗教发展多元化趋势的影响两方面进行探讨。
[Abstract]:The history of the American Orthodox Church began in 1794, when eight Russian missionaries established the first Orthodox Church in Kodiak, Alaska. After more than two centuries of development, by the end of the 20th century, the United States had 22 Orthodox dioceses with more than 2 million followers, which played an important role in society and was regarded as the fourth largest religion in the United States. Since the introduction of the Orthodox Church into the United States, the biggest problem was that the Orthodox believers joined their respective national churches because of their different blood ties and from different countries. These national churches are often subordinate to their home churches, use national languages in prayers and religious activities, and communicate less with each other, so the United States Orthodox Church has been in a state of fragmentation. As a result of the changes in the political situation in Eastern Europe after World War II and the gradual assimilation of immigrants, the development of the American Orthodox Church in the second half of the 20th century showed a new characteristic, that is, the trend of unification was constantly strengthened, and the cooperation among various ethnic churches increased. The establishment of a series of "Pan-Eastern Orthodox" organizations. However, due to language and the relationship between the old world and other factors, the American Orthodox Church is still in a dilemma of unity and dispersion. This article intends to proceed from three aspects to carry on the analysis. The first part briefly introduces the development of the American Orthodox Church before the end of World War II, the second part analyzes the characteristics of the development of the American Orthodox Church in the second half of the 20th century. With the autonomy of the American Orthodox Church, the orthodox unification movement reached a new climax. However, due to differences in the home church and language barriers, the United States Orthodox Church did not complete unification. The third part is the analysis of the formation of the characteristics of the American Orthodox Church in the second half of the 20th century. This paper mainly discusses the differences between immigrants and the influence of the trend of religious pluralism in the United States.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K712.5

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