1902-1927年英国对沙特阿拉伯外交政策的演变

发布时间：2018-09-03 19:43

【摘要】： 二十世纪初期,英国根据国际形势的需要,尤其是为了赢得第一次世界大战,不断修改了对阿拉伯半岛的政策。沙特政权是阿拉伯半岛的一支重要力量,英国对沙特的外交政策是其阿拉伯半岛政策一个重要组成部分。1902到1927年,英国对沙特阿拉伯的外交政策发生了数次转变。1915年之前,英国秉承不干涉阿拉伯半岛事务的传统政策,对沙特政权的建立和壮大没有予以关注。沙特领导人伊本?沙特多次请求与英国建立外交关系,但英国均予以回绝。一战爆发后,英国调整了其中东战略。为了争取沙特支持英国支持的、反抗土耳其的阿拉伯大起义,并主动打击土耳其盟邦,英国迅速与沙特建立了外交关系,并提供了政治、武器、资金等援助。英沙关系迅速加强。一战结束后,英国与法国重新划分了中东的政治版图。英国支持哈希姆家族政权,以防止法国势力的膨胀。因而英国不希望沙特势力的过分壮大,以至于威胁哈希姆家族政权的稳定,于是开始制衡和限制沙特势力的发展。由于侯赛因的内外政策的失败,沙特占领希贾兹已经成为定局,英国便抛弃了侯赛因,并及时承认了沙特占领希贾兹及沙特王国建立的既成事实。英国对沙特外交政策对于沙特政权的壮大起到了两个方面的作用:一方面英国对沙特政权的支持有助于它的壮大;另一方面英国争衡沙特政权壮大的政策又在一定程度上限制了沙特王国的向外扩张。总之,英沙关系是由英国主导的,但是沙特也根据自身的需要,努力英国与沙特的外交关系对于双方都具有重要的意义。英国对沙特外交政策的演变是以自身利益的改变为转移的,呈现出浓厚的现实主义的色彩。
[Abstract]:In the early 20th century, Britain revised its policy toward the Arabian Peninsula in accordance with the needs of the international situation, especially in order to win the first World War. The Saudi regime was an important force in the Arabian Peninsula, and British foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia was an important part of its policy on the Arabian Peninsula. Between 1902 and 1927, Britain's foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia changed several times. Britain's traditional policy of non-interference in the Arabian Peninsula did not pay attention to the establishment and expansion of the Saudi regime. Saudi leader Ibne? The Saudis have repeatedly asked for diplomatic relations with Britain, but Britain has refused. After World War I broke out, Britain adjusted its Middle East strategy. In an effort to win Saudi support for the Great Arab uprising against Turkey, backed by the Saudis, and to take the initiative against Turkey's allies, Britain quickly established diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia and provided political, arms, financial and other assistance. Relations between Britain and Saudi Arabia have strengthened rapidly. After World War I, Britain and France redefined the political map of the Middle East. Britain supported the Hasjim family regime to prevent the expansion of French power. So Britain didn't want the Saudis to grow so much that it threatened the stability of the Hasjim family and began to counterbalance and limit the development of the Saudis. As a result of the failure of Hussein's internal and external policy, Saudi occupation of Shijaz has become a foregone conclusion, and Britain has abandoned Hussein, and promptly acknowledged the Saudi occupation of Shijaz and the establishment of the Kingdom of Saudi fait accompli. Britain's foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia has played two roles in the strengthening of the Saudi regime: on the one hand, the British support for the Saudi regime is conducive to its growth; On the other hand, the British policy of fighting for the strengthening of the Saudi regime limited the kingdom's outward expansion to a certain extent. In short, the relationship between Britain and Saudi Arabia is dominated by Britain, but the Saudis also, according to their own needs, to strive for diplomatic relations between Britain and Saudi Arabia have important significance for both sides. The evolution of British foreign policy towards Saudi Arabia is based on the change of its own interests and presents a strong realism.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：K561

【相似文献】