近代早期英国殖民扩张的宗教动因研究（1485-1640）

发布时间：2018-09-05 07:16

【摘要】：近代早期(1485～1640)英国的海外殖民扩张大致经历了如下几个阶段：北方航道的探险、大西洋上的海盗冒险、伊丽莎白时期的爱尔兰和美洲殖民、斯图亚特早期的爱尔兰和美洲殖民及对东方的贸易扩张等。经过一个半世纪的努力,英国崛起为一个强大的殖民和贸易帝国。英国海外殖民扩张的成功离不开宗教因素的推动。具体来说,一是为了追求宗教理想而殖民。英国人一方面希望向外传播上帝的福音,以新教思想教化其他民族,另一方面希望在《圣经》的指示下,在新大陆建立理想的基督王国。二是为了躲避宗教迫害而殖民。持续不断的宗教斗争是近代早期英国最显著的特征之一,为了寻求宗教自由和躲避宗教迫害,向外殖民成为一条重要出路。三是为了对抗天主教强权而殖民。英国宗教改革开始后,天主教集团对英国进行政治和经济上的封锁,企图把新教英国扼杀在襁褓之中。面临生死存亡的英国人不得不寻求自强,开辟海外殖民地是其战略选择之一。新教殖民地的开辟不仅能给西班牙的美洲殖民地以实实在在的威胁,而且为壮大方兴未艾的新教势力开拓了道路。由于上述宗教因素的推动,近代早期英国的殖民扩张表现出鲜明的特点。其一,分布在美洲和爱尔兰的诸多殖民地具有宗教派别各异的特征：其二,宗教通过与初生的现代民族主义和重商主义之间的互动推动了殖民扩张更为迅速和深入地发展。上述特点产生的影响也是巨大的,不仅新教思想随着殖民者的足迹传播到世界各地,而且还间接促成了被殖民地区社会文化的剧烈变革,从而催生了新的近代民族。此外,从宏观上讲,欧洲的殖民扩张在近代以来五百年的时间里使基督教突破自然地理和地缘政治的限制,走向了全世界。在宗教与殖民扩张二者相互推动的过程中,彼此都实现了蜕变和发展。一方面是宗教与现代资本主义相契合,完成了自身的现代化：另一方面则是殖民扩张在新教思想的推动下具有了新的内涵。
[Abstract]:In the early modern times (1485 / 1640), the British overseas colonization spread through the following stages: the exploration of the northern waterway, the adventures of pirates in the Atlantic, and the colonization of Ireland and America in Elizabeth's time. Stuart's early colonization of Ireland and America and his expansion of trade with the East. After a century and a half of effort, Britain emerged as a powerful colonial and trading empire. The success of Britain's overseas colonial expansion could not be achieved without the promotion of religious factors. Specifically, the first is to pursue religious ideals and colonization. On the one hand, the British wanted to spread the gospel of God and educate other nations with Protestant ideas. On the other hand, they hoped to establish an ideal kingdom of Christ in the New World under the instruction of the Bible. Second, to avoid religious persecution and colonization. The continuous religious struggle was one of the most prominent features of early modern England. In order to seek religious freedom and avoid religious persecution, colonization became an important way out. Third, colonization against Catholic power. After the beginning of the Reformation, Catholic groups imposed a political and economic blockade on Britain in an attempt to strangle Protestant Britain in its infancy. Faced with the survival of the British have to seek self-improvement, overseas colonization is one of their strategic options. The opening of Protestant colonies not only posed a real threat to Spain's American colonies, but also opened the way for the growing Protestantism. As a result of the above religious factors, British colonial expansion in early modern times showed distinct characteristics. First, many colonies in America and Ireland have different religious denominations. Second, religion promotes the rapid and deep development of colonial expansion through the interaction with modern nationalism and mercantilism. The influence of the above characteristics is also great. Not only the Protestant thought spread to the world with the colonists' footprints, but also indirectly promoted the drastic change of the social culture in the colonized area, thus gave birth to the new modern nation. In addition, from a macro point of view, the colonial expansion of Europe made Christianity break through the limitations of natural geography and geopolitics in the 500 years since modern times, and went to the whole world. In the process of mutual promotion between religion and colonial expansion, both achieved transformation and development. On the one hand, religion coincides with modern capitalism and completes its own modernization; on the other hand, colonial expansion has a new connotation under the promotion of Protestantism.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K561

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