外部援助与埃及经济转型探析（1956-1981）
发布时间：2018-09-04 19:35
【摘要】：二战结束后,世界各地掀起了争取民族独立运动的高潮。此时的埃及,苏伊士运河还在英、法等国的占领之下。1956年纳赛尔总统宣布运河国有,拉开了埃及收回经济主权的序幕。不久,第二次中东战争爆发,美国和世界银行此前答应援建阿斯旺大坝的承诺也随之取消。 在何去何从的抉择时刻,追求独立的埃及接受了苏联的盛情。在20世纪50年代末到70年代初的将近20年的时间里,以苏联为首的社会主义国家成为埃及的主要援助国。苏联的计划经济模式传入埃及。外部援助是一国实现外交政策的手段之一,它同政治、军事手段一样,服务于国家利益。正所谓,天下没有免费的午餐。苏联的援助,使埃及受制于它的全球战略,成为苏联维护中东局势,对抗以色列和美国势力的前沿。 20世纪70年代,国内的经济状况让埃及进一步认识到,计划经济模式已经不适应发展的要求,无休止的战争又迫使经济几近崩溃的边缘。苏联的武器援助和阿拉伯国家的“涓滴”援助政策只能满足埃及的一时之需,不能使埃及彻底摆脱贫困的泥沼。 萨达特上台后,改革经济发展模式,实施了以西方为导向的开放政策,推行市场经济;结束对以色列的战争,在美国的调解下进行和谈;转而选择美国为外部援助的主要来源。这一系列大动作,是国内外因素共同作用的结果,不但转变了埃及的经济发展模式,赢得了和平的发展环境,还收获了丰厚的援助奖励,吸引了外国资本。这种转变顺应了世界经济的发展趋势,是埃及由世界经济秩序的边缘向中心的主动靠拢。 因此,外部援助和埃及的经济转型是辩证统一,互为因果的关系。外部援助给埃及的经济发展模式带来深刻的影响,同时,埃及的经济发展需要也决定了外部援助的必要性和来源。
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the movement for national independence rose all over the world. In Egypt, the Suez Canal was still under occupation by Britain and France. In 1956, President Al-Nasser declared the canal national, opening Egypt's return to economic sovereignty. Shortly after the second Middle East war broke out, the United States and the World Bank cancelled their commitments to help build the Aswan Dam. At a time of choice, an independent Egypt accepted the Soviet Union's hospitality. For nearly 20 years from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, the Soviet-led socialist countries became major donors to Egypt. The planned economy of the Soviet Union was introduced into Egypt. External assistance is one of the means for a country to realize its foreign policy. It serves the national interests like political and military means. As it is called, there is no free lunch in the world. The aid of the Soviet Union made Egypt subject to its global strategy and became the frontier for the Soviet Union to safeguard the situation in the Middle East and confront Israeli and American forces. In the 1970s, the domestic economic situation made Egypt further realize that The planned economy is no longer fit for development, and endless wars force the economy to close to collapse. The arms aid of the Soviet Union and the "trickle-down" aid policy of the Arab countries can only meet the needs of Egypt for the time being, and can not completely lift Egypt out of the quagmire of poverty. After Sadat came to power, he reformed the mode of economic development, carried out a western-oriented open policy, carried out a market economy, ended the war against Israel, conducted peace talks under the mediation of the United States, and chose the United States as the main source of external assistance. This series of major actions is the result of the joint action of domestic and foreign factors, which not only changed Egypt's economic development model, won a peaceful development environment, but also received generous aid awards and attracted foreign capital. This change conforms to the development trend of the world economy and is Egypt's active approach from the edge of the world economic order to the center. Therefore, external aid and Egypt's economic transformation are dialectical unity, the relationship between cause and effect. The external aid has a profound influence on Egypt's economic development model. Meanwhile, the need for Egypt's economic development also determines the necessity and source of external aid.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K411
本文编号：2223135
[Abstract]:After the end of World War II, the movement for national independence rose all over the world. In Egypt, the Suez Canal was still under occupation by Britain and France. In 1956, President Al-Nasser declared the canal national, opening Egypt's return to economic sovereignty. Shortly after the second Middle East war broke out, the United States and the World Bank cancelled their commitments to help build the Aswan Dam. At a time of choice, an independent Egypt accepted the Soviet Union's hospitality. For nearly 20 years from the late 1950s to the early 1970s, the Soviet-led socialist countries became major donors to Egypt. The planned economy of the Soviet Union was introduced into Egypt. External assistance is one of the means for a country to realize its foreign policy. It serves the national interests like political and military means. As it is called, there is no free lunch in the world. The aid of the Soviet Union made Egypt subject to its global strategy and became the frontier for the Soviet Union to safeguard the situation in the Middle East and confront Israeli and American forces. In the 1970s, the domestic economic situation made Egypt further realize that The planned economy is no longer fit for development, and endless wars force the economy to close to collapse. The arms aid of the Soviet Union and the "trickle-down" aid policy of the Arab countries can only meet the needs of Egypt for the time being, and can not completely lift Egypt out of the quagmire of poverty. After Sadat came to power, he reformed the mode of economic development, carried out a western-oriented open policy, carried out a market economy, ended the war against Israel, conducted peace talks under the mediation of the United States, and chose the United States as the main source of external assistance. This series of major actions is the result of the joint action of domestic and foreign factors, which not only changed Egypt's economic development model, won a peaceful development environment, but also received generous aid awards and attracted foreign capital. This change conforms to the development trend of the world economy and is Egypt's active approach from the edge of the world economic order to the center. Therefore, external aid and Egypt's economic transformation are dialectical unity, the relationship between cause and effect. The external aid has a profound influence on Egypt's economic development model. Meanwhile, the need for Egypt's economic development also determines the necessity and source of external aid.
【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：K411
【引证文献】
相关硕士学位论文 前1条
1 王跃蓁;美国对埃及援助及美埃关系研究（1969-1977）[D];暨南大学;2012年
，本文编号：2223135
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