论前苏联政治权力腐败的制度原因及其启示

发布时间：2018-09-05 12:56

【摘要】：拥有70年辉煌历史的超级大国苏联瞬间土崩瓦解,带给了世界巨大的震撼与无尽的思考。苏联的解体是多种因素共同作用的结果,其中至关重要的因素就是苏共没有跨越权力腐败的陷阱,在人民群众的不满、失望、冷漠和抗议的逻辑链条中,失去了人民群众的拥护和支持,是他们自己打败了自己。苏联的政治权力腐败更多的表现为集体性的腐败、制度性的腐败。苏共党内官僚主义盛行,特权腐败的现象日益侵蚀着党的肌体,贪污受贿现象非常严重。由于苏联实行高度集中的政治体制,使得权力高度集中于个人,以党代政、党政不分的现象日益严重,干部人事制度上的弊端也使得苏共形成党员干部事实上的终身制,干部只上不下,民主监督机制的缺失也为腐败的发生提供了便利的条件。这些种种政治制度上的缺陷造成了苏联政治权力腐败的泛滥,因此苏联政治制度上的缺陷是腐败产生的根本原因,分析苏联的腐败成因就要从制度上的缺陷寻找。本文首先揭示了政治权力腐败与政治制度的关系,认为合理有效的政治制度可以约束和惩治政治权力腐败,而权力制约机制不健全的政治制度是腐败产生的根源。政治权力腐败阻碍了制度的革新和完善,破坏了政治制度基本功能目标的实现。然后从这一关系入手,通过对苏联时期腐败的表现及政治制度成因进行分析和研究,吸取苏联的教训,从中得到重要的启示,从而进一步加强我国反腐败制度的建设和改革。
[Abstract]:The collapse of the Soviet Union, with a glorious history of 70 years, gave the world a tremendous shock and endless thinking. The disintegration of the Soviet Union was the result of a combination of various factors, the most important of which was that the Soviet Communist Party had not crossed the trap of power corruption and was in the logical chain of discontent, disappointment, apathy and protest among the masses of the people. Without the support and support of the masses of the people, it was they who defeated themselves. The corruption of political power in the Soviet Union is characterized by collective corruption and institutional corruption. The Communist Party of Soviet Union (CPC) party bureaucratism is prevailing, the phenomenon of privileged corruption is increasingly eroding the party's body, and corruption and bribery are very serious. As a result of the highly centralized political system in the Soviet Union, which makes power highly concentrated on the individual, the phenomenon of not separating the party and government with the party replacing the government, and the malpractice of the cadre and personnel system, the Communist Party of the Soviet Union forms the de facto life-long system of party members and cadres. The lack of democratic supervision mechanism also provides convenient conditions for the occurrence of corruption. These defects in the political system caused the proliferation of corruption of political power in the Soviet Union, so the defects in the political system of the Soviet Union are the root causes of corruption. To analyze the causes of corruption in the Soviet Union, we should look for the defects in the system. This paper first reveals the relationship between political power corruption and political system, and holds that a reasonable and effective political system can restrain and punish political power corruption, while the political system with imperfect power restriction mechanism is the root of corruption. The corruption of political power hinders the innovation and perfection of the system and undermines the realization of the basic function of the political system. Then starting from this relationship, through the analysis and study of the performance of corruption and the causes of political system in the Soviet Union, draw lessons from the Soviet Union, and get important enlightenment, so as to further strengthen the construction and reform of anti-corruption system in China.
【学位授予单位】：东北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2009
【分类号】：K512.5;D351.2

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